Download Mental Health Unit

3 parts of the
Mental Health Definition
 Feeling comfortable about_________.
 Feeling right about __________.
 Meeting the _________ of life!
 Answers:1) yourself 2)others 3)demands
 Complete your “Rate your Mental Health” Worksheet
What can affect our Mental Health…
 Relationships
 Stress
 Addictions/Compulsions
 Weather
 Demands of life
Personality
Definition:
 Everything about a person that combined,
makes them unique.
Influences on personality:
Environment
Heredity
Personality
Self-Concept
Culture
Mental Illness
Mental Illness:
- Medical condition that disrupts a person's
thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to
others and daily functioning.
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Depression ie. Manic Depression
Eating disorders ie. Anorexia, Bulimia,
Compulsive Overeating
Schizophrenia ie. No difference between
fantasy and reality.
Mood disorders:
•Depression
•Bipolar Disorder (Manic
Depressive)
•Seasonal Affective Disorder
(SAD)
(PTSD)
Eating Disorders:
•Bulimia Nervosa
•Anorexia Nervosa
•Malnutrition
•Compulsive Overeating
•Excessive exercise with eating
disorder
Anxiety Disorders:
•General Anxiety Disorder
(GAD)
•Phobia
Personality Disorders:
•Obsessive Compulsive
•Schizophrenia
Disorder(OCD)
•Panic Disorder
•Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Are you mentally healthy? Y=Yes N=No
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Do you generally like and accept who you are?
Do you ask for help when you need it?
Do you express your emotions in healthy ways?
Do you feel comfortable being alone?
Can you name 3 good qualities about yourself?
Do you feel okay about crying?
Do you accept constructive criticism?
Can you be satisfied when you have done your best?
Do you express your thoughts and feelings to others?
Do you have at least one hobby and enjoy it?
Do you deal with stresses as they happen and don’t let them build up?
Do you feel afraid, angry, sad, or jealous, but are not overwhelmed by
these emotions?
Causes of Mental Illness
 -Heredity Factors: Genetics and family history can be
a possible cause.
 -Trauma/organic damage to the brain: Chemical
abuse, stroke, tumors, accidents, etc.
 -Environmental stress: physical and mental
demands of work, school, and home life.
 -Traumatic life experiences: serious accidents, being
told you have a life-threatening illness, bereavement*,
violent personal assault (physical attack, sexual
assault, robbery, or mugging, military combat, natural
or man-made disasters, being taken hostage
Anxiety Disorders
 General Anxiety Disorder
 Phobia
 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
 Panic Disorder
 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
General Anxiety Disorder
 excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about
everyday life events with no obvious reasons for worry.
Symptoms of GAD
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Excessive, ongoing worry and tension
An unrealistic view of problems
Restlessness or a feeling of being "edgy"
Irritability
Muscle tension
Headaches
Sweating
Difficulty concentrating
Nausea
The need to go to the bathroom frequently
Tiredness
Trouble falling or staying asleep
Trembling
Being easily startled
GAD Treatment
 Psychotherapy
 Medication
GAD Common?
 VERY Common
 4 million new cases a year
 More common in women than men
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzSx4rMyVjI
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
 Characterized by excessive thoughts that lead to a
multitude of repetitive behaviors
Symptoms of OCD
 Obsessions are repeated thoughts, urges, or mental images that
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cause anxiety. Common symptoms include:
Fear of germs or contamination
Unwanted forbidden or taboo thoughts involving sex, religion,
and harm
Aggressive thoughts towards others or self
Having things symmetrical or in a perfect order
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors that a person with OCD
feels the urge to do in response to an obsessive thought.
Common compulsions include:
Excessive cleaning and/or hand washing
Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way
Repeatedly checking on things, such as repeatedly checking to
see if the door is locked or that the oven is off
OCD Treated
 Medication
 Psychotherapy
OCD Common?
 Relatively common
 Affect over 2% of the population
OCD Video
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQWsfdwa14U
Social Anxiety Disorder
 Social situations cause individual excessive amount of
stress and anxiety
Symptoms of Social Anxiety
Disorder
 Emotional
 Fear of situations in which you may be judged
 Worrying about embarrassing or humiliating yourself
 Concern that you'll offend someone
 Physical Symptoms
 Fast heartbeat
 Upset stomach or nausea
 Trouble catching your breath
 Dizziness or lightheadedness
 Social Symptoms-avoiding the following situations:
 Using a public restroom
 Attending a party
 Eating in front of others
 Making eye contact
Treatment for Social Anxiety
Disorder
 Psychotherapy
 Medication
Eating Disorders
 Anorexia nervosa
 Bulimia
Body image
Body image is . . .
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How you see yourself when you look in the mirror or
when you picture yourself in your mind.
What you believe about your own appearance (including
your memories, assumptions, and generalizations).
How you feel about your body, including your height,
shape, and weight.
How you sense and control your body as you move. How
you feel in your body, not just about your body.
Why does this happen?
 Your self-image begins to take shape during adolescence
 Self-esteem (how you feel about yourself)
 Changes in your life like moving, relationships ending,
abuse, illness, stress, etc.
 Outside influence
 Advertisement, media
 Family, friends, peers
Consequences of negative body
image
 Drugs/alcohol
 Risky sexual behavior
 Smoking
 Eating disorders
 Obsessive exercising
 Depression
Video: Unrealistic Images
Bombarded by Media (Body
Image)
“Pictures of Perfection”
More pictures of perfection…
And more…
Body Image and the Media
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4uiw-QgwJI
Body image
We all may have our days when we
feel awkward or uncomfortable in
our bodies, but the key to developing
positive body image is to recognize
and respect our natural shape and
learn to overpower those negative
thoughts and feelings with positive,
affirming, and accepting ones.
Reflection…
Tips for improving body image
• Recognize that your body is your own
• Identify which aspects of your appearance you can
realistically change and which you can’t
• Make personal goals
• Build your self-esteem by giving yourself three
compliments each day
• Talk to a trusted adult, parents, teachers, health care
professional
Why do eating disorders begin?
 Control
 Perfectionist attitude
 Distorted body image
 Inadequacies
 Obsessive-compulsion
 Living up to high expectations
 Compliments with losing weight
 Isolation, emptiness, lonely feelings
 Depression
“The Facts” on Eating Disorders
• Risk factors:
• Societal pressures to be “thin” and to have the “perfect body”
• Media images
• Childhood feeding problems
• Low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in
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life
Genetics
Gender/ethnicity
Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness
Troubled family and personal relationships
History of being teased about weight or shape
Self injury
http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/p.asp?WebPage_ID=286&Profile_ID=41144
Eating Disorders:
Anorexia:
 Self starvation & weight
loss
 15% or more below
weight
 Intense fear of weight
gain
 Severely distorted body
image
 3+ missed menstrual
periods
Bulimia:
 Eating large amounts of
food (binge) followed by
self-induced vomiting
(purge)
 Use of laxatives, and/or
obsessive exercise to rid
the body of calories
 Guilt drives the disorder
 Concern for body image
Signs of Anorexia:
 Refusal to eat or playing with food
 Tiny portions
 Continuous dieting
 Compulsive exercise
 Abnormal weight loss
 Sensitivity to cold (lack body fat)
 Absent or irregular menstruation
 Excessive facial hair
 Fine hair or loss of hair on head and body b/c of
inadequate
Signs of Bulimia:
 Preoccupation with food (hiding food)
 Denial of hunger
 Dehydration and lethargy
 Damage to teeth and gums
 Compulsive exercising
 Swollen salivary glands
 Broken blood vessels in eyes
 Bathroom use immediately after eating
 Abuse of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills
 Depressed mood or mood swings (irritability)
Bulimic’s mouth:
Different faces of eating
disorders
Here are three people with eating disorders.
1. What warning signs or red flags do you see?
2. If this were your friend, what advice would you give
them?
Faces 1
 Alice is 15. At 5’4’’ tall and
125 pounds, she looks in the
mirror and sees a fat person.
At dinner, she has started
telling her parents, “I’m not
hungry- I’ll eat later.” but
Alice doesn’t eat later
because she has begun to
starve herself in secret. For
the past week, she’s been
eating about 400 calories per
day.
Face
2
 Justin is a wrestler- the best in
his weight class. But he needs
to stay in that weight class. If
he gains just 5 pounds, he’ll get
bumped up a class and have to
wrestle larger guys and
possibly lose. Justin exercises
obsessively. He also takes
laxatives to lose weight, and he
has thrown up a few times after
friends dragged him out for fast
food. Justin even stops
drinking water a couple days
before he gets weighed in for a
match. He has become very
tired from his lack of food and
water consumption.
Face 3
 Emma is so fit and healthy,
she doesn’t even get her
period anymore, or at least
that’s how Emma sees it.
As a top high school
athlete, she trains all the
time. Without the
knowledge of her parents
or coach, she has dropped
her intake to 800 calories
per day. If she goes over,
she makes herself throw
up.
Mood Disorders
 Depression
 Bipolar Disorder (manic depression)
 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Depression
 Depression (major depressive disorder or clinical
depression) is a common but serious mood disorder.
 It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel,
think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping,
eating, or working.
Warning signs of depression:
of Olmsted
County
www.yellowribbonmn.org
NAMI
Persistently
feeling
sad,
empty, or numb; crying easily
 Feeling angry, irritable or mood; fighting and arguing a lot
 Often feeling anxious, worried or having panic attacks
 Feeling hopeless, helpless, worthless or guilty; pessimism
 Avoiding friends; feeling alone even when with friends
 Alcohol or drug use to escape or to mask feelings
 Loss of interest in things that used to be fun; isolating
 Feeling tired all the time; often falling asleep in class/work
 Sleeping and/or eating disturbances (more or less than usual)
 Recurring headaches, backaches or stomachaches
 Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
 Thinking about, planning, or attempting suicide
Risk Factors
 Risk factors include:
 Personal or family history of depression
 Major life changes, trauma, or stress
 Certain physical illnesses and medications
Treatment
 Medication
 Psychotherapy
 Electroconvulsive Therapy
Activity
Bipolar Disorder
 known as manic-depressive illness
 a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood,
energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out dayto-day tasks.
Mood Disorder: Bipolar Disorder
Normal Mood Swings
Bipolar Disorder “EXTREME” Mood Swings
Shifts of extreme mood cycling
through phases of extreme
highs=“Mania”
lows= “depressive”
Bipolar Disorder
AKA “Manic Depressive”
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“Mania” Episode
(Elevates over time)
Elevated/hyperactive
mood
Inflated self-esteem
Reduced need for sleep
Distracted
Risky behaviors
Excessive talking
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“Depressive” Episode
Loss in interests
Insomnia
Agitated; irritated
Fatigue/exhaustion
Changes in appetite
Negative self-esteem
Suicidal preoccupation
Bipolar “Episodes” can accompanied by:
 Psychosis altered mental state of hallucinations
 Delusions false beliefs
Treatment:
1. Psychiatrist along with psychotherapy
2. Medication (lithium, valproate, caramazepine)
3. Group Therapy
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
 A type of depression that's related to changes in
seasons
 SAD begins and ends at about the same times every
year.
Causes
 Your biological clock (circadian rhythm). The reduced
level of sunlight in fall and winter may cause winter-onset
SAD. This decrease in sunlight may disrupt your body's
internal clock and lead to feelings of depression.
 Serotonin levels. A drop in serotonin, a brain chemical
(neurotransmitter) that affects mood, might play a role in
SAD. Reduced sunlight can cause a drop in serotonin that
may trigger depression.
 Melatonin levels. The change in season can disrupt the
balance of the body's level of melatonin, which plays a role
in sleep patterns and mood.
Symptoms
Treatment
 Light therapy
 Psychotherapy
 Medication
Personality Disorder
 Schizophrenia
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PURvJV2SMso&t
=30s
Symptoms
 Positive
 Negative
 Cognitive
Positive
 Delusions
 Feels like someone else in in control
 Hallucinations
 Visual and auditory “hearing voices”
 Disorganized speech
 Word salad “coffee blue there”
 Disorganized behavior
 Bizarre behavior out of context “layers of jackets during
summer”
 Catatonic behavior
 Resistant to moving
Negative
 Removal of normal processes
 Decreased emotions
 Loss of interests
 Flat affect “inappropriate response”.
 Alogia “lack of content in speech”.
 Avolition “decreased motivation”.
Cognitive
 Affects memory, learning, and understanding.
 Subtle and difficult to notice.
Phases
 Prodromal
 Withdrawn
 Active
 Severe symptoms
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Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Disorganized behavior
Catatonic behavior
 Residual
 Cognitive symptoms
Diagnosis
 Two of the following
 Delusions
 Hallucinations
 Disorganized speech
 Disorganized/catatonic behavior
 Negative symptoms
***One of the Symptoms must be one of the underlined
symptoms.
Cont.
 Ongoing for 6 months
 1 of the months must be in the active phase.
 This is done to rule out other conditions such as drug
abuse.
Mental illness extras
 ADD/ADHD - Neurobiological disorder. * Behavior
challenges, poor attention skills, impulsivity &
hyperactivity (ADHD)
 Phobia’s /(Neurosis): Acrophobia (heights), Agoraphobia
(crowds), Claustrophobia (sm. spaces), Coulrophobia
(clowns)
Prevention & Treatment
 Defense Mechanisms(built in behaviors we use to protect ourselves)
 http://quizlet.com/1728453/defense-mechanism-examples-flash-cards/
 Counseling
 Honest communication
 Diet & Exercise
 Self-Esteem & Healthy Social Relations
 Medications
Developmental Mental Health Disabilities
 Occurs at birth or during the developmental period.
 Relates to a problem with how a body part or system works.
Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities (IDD’s)
- Mentally Challenged (Most Common IDD)
- Down Syndrome
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- People with developmental disorders can be affected by Mental
Illness.
SELF- ESTEEM
Definition:
A Person’s overall
evaluation of his or her
own self-worth…
SELF ESTEEM
Bullying…be part of the solution
The “3 D’s”
Be Direct:
 Ask them, “Are you OK”
 Let them know they are not alone
Distract:
 Change the subject/create a distraction
 “Mr. Smith needs to see you right now”
Delegate:
 Find a trusted adult to help
 Don’t step in if you don’t feel comfortable
“No one has to do everything, but everyone has to do something!!”
SelfEsteem
Means…
Feeling
Feeling
Confident
& Worthwhile
Confident
&
Worthwhile
Believing & Respecting
Yourself
I-Messages…
☻Expressing your feelings using
the word I (rather than YOU)
☻Used with the intent of being
assertive without putting the
listener on defense.
Where is the money you took and said you
would return to me today?
I-Message:
I feel________when you_______because________
and I need_______.
You are so mean when you tell me I shouldn’t eat certain
things. YOU make me feel so Fat.
I-Message:
I feel________when you_______because________
and I need_______.
What is “cutting”?
3 major reasons why?
1.
2.
3.
Chemical Reaction “Adrenalinelike” state (Brain releases opiates
causing euphoria—calm feeling)
Physical Reaction “Fight or
Flight” response (“Numb”
disassociation and relief)
Mental Reaction overwhelmed
with emotions and thoughts
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Coping mechanism for physical
pain, stress, abuse, etc.
Living in the “here and now” and
can’t see past problems used as an
escape; dead or non-existent
feeling; “blackout"
Other reasons:
 Low self-esteem/image
 Revenge
 OCD
 Shows mortality
 Releases anger
 Symbolism
 Emotions which follow
guilt or pain
Suicide
UNTREATED DEPRESSION IS THE #1 CAUSE OF SUICIDE
 More than just a “bout of the blues”
 Depression - A chronic illness that affects how you think, feel
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& behave. *Persistent sadness, loss of interest & sometimes
physical symptoms.
2 weeks or more –seek help
6 weeks= Clinical Depression (Seek medical help)
Requires long-term treatment. A combination of
antidepressant medication along with psychotherapy
{talk therapy} is BEST
Depression is involuntary - no one asks for it, just like people
don't ask to get cancer or diabetes.
 Depression is a treatable illness…There is HOPE!
Some Main Causes of Depression
& Suicide…
 Certain Medications
 Death or a loss
 Genetics
 Major Events
 STRESS (School, $ Pressures)
 Personal Problems (Relationships)
 Serious Illnesses
 Substance Abuse (Alcohol, drugs)
Suicide
 Size of the problem
 33,000 successful suicides in the U.S. each year…(1
suicide every 16 min)
 3rd leading cause of death in 15 to 25 year old age
group (100-200 attempts for every completed suicide)
 Talk to them* (Listen)
 Tell someone!!*
 Call crisis line
 1-800-273-TALK (8255)
 “It is a permanent solution to a
temporary problem”
Source…CDC.gov 2010
Suicide Facts
 People who talk about suicide may be serious
about it
 Most suicides have warning signs (0nly 10% without signs)
 Most suicidal people do NOT want to die
 Suicidal people need not be suicidal forever
Risk
(HOPE)
 Often associated with drug/alcohol abuse
 Improvement after a crisis is a dangerous time
 There is no “suicide gene”…(depression can be
genetic, but it is Treatable)!
Warning signs of suicide:
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Change in appetite and sleep patterns
Decreased concentration
Decreased interest in activities
Sudden agitation or sudden slowing down in level of activity
Social withdrawal
Feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, an self-reproach
Inappropriate or excessive guilt
Suicidal thoughts and/or talk
Making a suicide plan
Writing a suicide note
Giving away prized possessions
Recent humiliating life event
Lack of social support
Suicide Warning Signs
Notes
Talk about it
Previous attempt
Changes in behavior
Severe depression
Final arrangements
Acknowledge that your friend has a problem and that the
symptoms are serious.
Care- let them know that you care about them and that you
want to help them.
Tell a trusted adult about your concerns.
person can make all the difference.
Just telling the right
Letter from Paula
Renee,
Hi! I’m sorry for whatever happened. It was all my fault Friday
night. I took those pills instead, to get rid of my problems. It
didn’t work. I was so sick! My mom didn’t even care. I didn’t
mean to say all of those things. It wasn’t me saying it, it was the
pills. I didn’t want to hurt anyone. Especially you. You’re the
best friend anyone could have. I’m sorry. I won’t hurt you for
much longer. Soon no one will be hurt or hate me anymore.
Bye,
Paula
P.S. Thanks for being my friend