Download Humans * Herring * Sand eels * Copepods * Phytoplankton

The biology STAAR exam is in early May, please check
my website to review material covered from both Fall
and Spring semesters. Keep in mind the importance
of this test, you must pass the EOC to receive credit for
this course.
An ocean food chain is shown in the diagram above.
Which organism represents the trophic level
containing approximately 1% of the initial amount of
solar energy acquired by the phytoplankton?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Copepods
Sand eels
Herring
Humans
A lichen is composed of two organisms, a fungus and
an algae or, cyanobacterium. The fungus provides a
growing surface, moisture, and nutrients to the
cyanobacterium. The cyanobacterium provides food to
the fungus. This relationship is considered to be an
example of which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Commensalism
Mutualism
Neutralism
Parasitism
In the process of deamination, the liver converts amino
acids to compounds that can be used in energy metabolism.
The liver removes the amino groups from amino acids to
produce urea. Then the urea is removed from the body as
urine. During this process, the liver works in conjunction
with which body system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Endocrine
Nervous
Respiratory
Excretory
Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles are some
of the most primitive life-forms found on Earth and
thrive in very harsh environments. These unicellular,
prokaryotic organisms most likely belong to which of
the following kingdoms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fungi
Eubacteria
Protista
Archaebacteria
Genetic variation can aid in the survival of species
when the environment changes. Which of the
following is the best example of an organism with a
genetic variation that could improve survival chances
over time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
An ant that is resistant to pesticide
A wasp that is infected with parasites
A cactus that has no spines
A mouse that has learned to avoid mousetraps
A mutation is least likely to affect a cell
when the mutation —
A. Reverses the order of bases in a DNA strand
B. Allows the total number of bases in a DNA
sequence to remain the same
C. Replaces a base with its complementary base
D. Produces a triplet that codes for the same amino
acid as the original triplet
Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are
biomolecules that serve many functions and can
be chemically broken down and restructured.
Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are
which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Polymers of smaller subunits
Sequences of sugars
Lipids of large molecules
Nucleotides of DNA
If the paramecium is then placed in a hypertonic
environment, which of the following will occur?
A. Water will diffuse into the paramecium.
B. Water will diffuse out of the paramecium.
C. Salt will be pumped out of the paramecium by the
vacuole.
D. Salt will be pumped into the paramecium by the vacuole.
The diagram above shows the process of meiosis. The
segregation that occurs during meiosis results in a —
A. decrease in the total number of cells per organism
B. reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell
C. single fertilized egg cell
D. group of genetically identical cells
The diagram above shows a model of species divergence
among some primates. If this model is correct, the greatest
genetic differences would be found in the DNA sequences
of which two species?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons
Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta
Hylobates lar and Pongo pygmaeus
Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta
This diagram suggests that which of the following could
cause a low red-blood-cell count?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The growth of new bone tissue
Chronic kidney disease
Decreased levels of metabolic waste
An increased breathing rate
Loriciferans are microscopic multicellular animals that live in
various marine sediments. Scientists have discovered genera of
Loriciferans in a deep-sea habitat that lacks oxygen. Before this
discovery, some prokaryotes and some unicellular eukaryotes
were known to inhabit anaerobic environments. Among the newly
discovered Loriciferans is Spinoloricus sp. nov., which is pictured
below.
Scientists determined that organisms of the genus
Spinoloricus were eukaryotes and not prokaryotes because
Spinoloricus cells have —
A. flagella
B. hereditary material
C. cell walls
D. nuclear membranes
Enzymes are classified as which of the
following biological organic compounds?
A.
B.
C.
D.
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
Some organelles have their own DNA that is
distinct from the cell’s nuclear DNA. This is
true of which organelle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cell wall
mitochondrion
plasma membrane
vacuole
Pollen in plants is most similar to which
type of cell in humans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
egg
embryo
sperm
zygote
Protein synthesis occurs at which of the structures
shown below?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
Why do cells need buffering agents?
A. to maintain constant internal environment at a pH of
10
B. to minimize the changes in pH of the internal
environment
C. to function properly in an extremely basic internal
environment
D. to function properly in an extremely acid internal
environment
Which statement best summarizes the information in the
graph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The cells survive best under acidic conditions.
The cells survive best under basic conditions.
These cells would survive better in distilled water.
The survival of these cells does not affect pH.
Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp
again. Which statement best describes what
happens to restore the lettuce to its original
condition?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion.
Water entered the cells of the lettuce by osmosis.
Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce cells.
Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the cells.
Which cell process will move substances
against a concentration gradient?
A.
B.
C.
D.
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport
Individuals who lack lactase are unable to
break down the sugar lactose. Which term
best describes lactase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
enzyme
fatty acid
lipid
starch
The bacteria that cause tetanus can survive in
a puncture wound that has healed on the
outer surface of the skin. Through what
process do these bacteria acquire the energy
they need to survive?
A.
B.
C.
D.
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
chemosynthesis
photosynthesis
In terms of ATP production, which process
results in the most stored energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation
photosynthesis
Which statement best distinguishes aerobic
from anaerobic respiration?
A. Only aerobic respiration involves
fermentation.
B. Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the
mitochondria.
C. Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
D. Only anaerobic respiration produces
carbon dioxide.
Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP
production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic
respiration?
A. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than
anaerobic respiration.
B. Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than
aerobic respiration.
C. Only anaerobic respiration produces measurable
amounts of ATP.
D. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same
amount of ATP.
A segment of a DNA strand has the following
bases:
TAC GAT
What is the complementary strand of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
UAG CAU
TAG CAT
ATG CTA
AUG CUA
Before a cell goes through either mitosis or
meiosis, which process must be carried out
by the DNA in the nucleus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
replication
nondisjunction
transcription
translation
Sexual reproduction provides for what to
occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cloning
budding
genetic stability
genetic variation
Which would most likely favor species
survival in changing environmental
conditions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
genetic recombination
energy involvement in gamete production
length of life cycle
number of offspring produced
Which term best describes the type of cell
division in which parent cells produce
daughter cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mitosis
meiosis
spermatogenesis
oogenesis
What is the primary cause of variation in the
offspring of sexually reproducing
organisms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cytoplasmic division
environmental changes
mutation
recombination of alleles
Which is responsible for most genotypic and
phenotypic variation among humans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
meiosis
budding
mitosis
regeneration
In genetics research, what is the purpose of a
test cross?
A. to determine the phenotypes of the
parents
B. to determine the genotypes of the parents
C. to determine whether or not two parents
could produce viable offspring
D. to determine how many offspring can be
produced by two parents
Several matings between the same male black
guinea pig and female brown guinea pig produce a
total of 12 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If black
is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the
genotypes of the parents?
A.
B.
C.
D.
BB × bb
Bb × bb
BB × Bb
Bb × Bb
Most sex-linked, recessive traits–including hemophilia
and color blindness–appear in males. This
phenomenon is best explained by which statement?
A. Males have an X chromosome with dominant genes.
B. Most of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of
males
are recessive.
C. In males, the recessive sex-linked genes appear only
on the Y chromosome.
D In males, the Y chromosome lacks the genes needed to
mask the recessive genes on the X chromosome.
Huntington’s disease is a dominant trait.
What are the chances that a child will
develop Huntington’s disease if one parent
is heterozygous and the other is normal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
0 out of 4
1 out of 4
2 out of 4
3 out of 4
Some flowers show incomplete dominance. If RR =
white and R′R′ = red, which phenotypic ratio
would be expected in the offspring of two pink
flowers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 red : 2 pink : 1 white
0 red : 4 pink : 0 white
3 red : 0 pink : 1 white
4 red : 0 pink : 0 white
A couple has five children, all with blood type
A. The mother’s blood type is O, and the
father’s blood type is A. Based on this
information, which describes the most
probable genotype of the father?
A.
B.
C.
D.
diploid
haploid
heterozygous
homozygous
A karyotype of a human female shows that
she has only one sex chromosome. Which
genotype would represent her genetic
condition?
A.
B.
C.
D.
XO
XXX
XY
XYY
Which suspect is linked to the crime scene by this DNA
analysis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Suspect A
Suspect B
Suspect C
Suspect D
A plant nursery only grew one type of tomato plant.
All of their tomato plants died from the same
disease. What was most likely true of the tomato
plant population?
A. They had a lot of resistance to disease.
B. They had a few plants that were resistant to the
disease.
C. They had too much variation in their genes.
D. They had little variation in their genes.
Most individuals of a certain species of bird have medium-length tails, but tail length
ranges within the species from very short to very long.
If a new predator arrived that preferred birds with mediumlength tails, which graph describes the most likely result?
A paleontologist is comparing the fossilized
remains of two primates. Both animals had
a prehensile tail. What can be concluded
from this evidence?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They were not related.
They lived on the ground.
They evolved from a common ancestor.
They had bipedal locomotion.
Variation within species was important to the
development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which
statement does individual variation help explain?
A. Resources become limited over long periods of time.
B. Populations often increase rapidly and without
warning.
C. Competition is fierce among members of different
species.
D. Some organisms survive and reproduce better than
others.
Variety within a species is most likely to result from
which situation?
A. severe weather conditions that might occur, such
as hurricanes or blizzards
B. adaptation to local environmental characteristics
by isolated populations of the species
C. the extinction of competing species over a broad
range of habitats
D. sex-specific coloring differences
Which could be considered biochemical
evidence of an evolutionary
relationship?
A.
B.
C.
D.
absence of vestigial structures
presence of embryonic gill slits
similar anatomical structures
presence of identical proteins
Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary
relationship between two organisms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
similarity in behavior
similarity in DNA
similarity in habitat
similarity in niche
1.a. Larger than 40. cm ............................................................................. 2
1.b. Not larger than 40. cm ....................................................................... 4
2.a. Hooked beak ........................................................................................ 3
2.b. Beak not hooked .................................................. Phasianus colchicus
3.a. Feathers over eyes that look like ear ...................... Bubo virginianus
3.b. No Feathers that look like ears .................. Haliaeetus leucocephalus
4.a. Head one solid color of feathers ......................................................... 5
4.b. Head not solid color of feathers .......................... Colinus virginianus
5.a. Bill flat.................................................................. Anas platyrhynchos
5.b. Bill pointed ...................................................... ... Archilochus colubris
A Bubo virginianus
B Haliaeetus leucocephalus
C Colinus virginianus
D Anas platyrhynchos
Which of the cells characterized in the chart above is a
prokaryotic cell?
A Cell A
B Cell B
C Cell C
D Cell D
An organism is eukaryotic, multicellular,
heterotrophic, and has a cell wall. To which
kingdom does it belong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Animal
Fungi
Plant
Protist
In order to maintain good health, a person’s
normal glucose level must remain within a
given range. Which two systems control the
blood glucose level?
A.
B.
C.
D.
endocrine and skeletal
endocrine and digestive
circulatory and lymphatic
digestive and lymphatic
The structure of the digestive tube in the
grasshopper and earthworm consists of many
folds. The folds affect the efficiency of food
absorption by which of the following functions?
A.
B.
C.
D.
increasing surface area
reducing transpiration
increasing hormone secretion
reducing storage of sugar
How would the seeds in Figure 1 and Figure 2 be
classified?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ferns
mosses
angiosperms
gymnosperms
The fertilized eggs of most mammals follow a
similar pattern of early development. Which
sequence is the
typical pattern, beginning with the earliest
stage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
fetus→embryo→zygote
fetus→zygote→embryo
zygote→fetus→embryo
zygote→embryo→fetus
How is the folded structure of the villi in the
small intestine related to the function of
villi?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It decreases blood flow.
It provides protection.
It increases absorption.
It provides support.
Many factors can affect human fetal
development. Which would have the most
damaging effect on fetal development?
A.
B.
C.
D.
increasing food intake
decreasing exercise
smoking cigarettes
increasing exercise