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Download Notes: Incomplete Dominance Phenotype is affected by many
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Notes: Incomplete Dominance Phenotype is affected by many different factors. Phenotype can depend on interactions of alleles. • In incomplete dominance, neither allele is completely dominant nor completely recessive. – Heterozygous phenotype is a blend between the two homozygous phenotypes – Homozygous parental phenotypes not seen in F1 offspring Four o’clock plants aka Carnations • Homozygous plants are either red (RR) or white (R’R’). • Heterozygous (RR’) are pink. This animation shows the cross between a black homozygous dominant cat and a white homozygous recessive cat. This results in a litter of all heterozygous gray cats. • Codominant alleles will both be completely expressed. – Codominant alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. – The ABO blood types result from codominant alleles. Codominance This animation shows the cross between a black homozygous recessive cat and a white homozygous dominant cat. This results in a heterozygous litter of black and white spotted kittens. • Multiple alleles: exists when genes have more than two alleles – The ABO blood types result from multiple alleles that are codominant Many genes may interact to produce one trait. • Polygenic traits are produced by two or more genes. Order of dominance: brown > green > blue. • An epistatic gene can interfere with other genes by overshadowing them for a particular trait. Labrador Retriever Genetics • Black is dominant to chocolate B or b • Yellow is recessive epistatic (when present, it blocks the expression of the black and chocolate alleles) E or e Phenotype Possible Genotypes BBEE BbEE BBEe BbEe bbEE bbEe Bbee Bbee bbee The environment interacts with genotype. • Phenotype is a combination of genotype and environment. • Examples: • sex of sea turtles depends on both genes and temperature