Download Learning Goal 4: Describe the major political, religious/philosophical

READING: THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
HIGHLIGHT THE ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. WHAT WAS THE GOVERNMENT OF EARLY ROME? WHAT IS A
REPUBLIC?
2. EARLY ROME WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS, THE_____
AND THE____.
IDENTIFY OR DEFINE THESE GROUPS.
3. WHO MADE UP ROME’S SENATE?
4. DESCRIBE ROME’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WORLD.
READING: THE GROWTH OF CHIRISTIANITY
1. WHY WERE ROMAN LEADERS ANGRY WITH JESUS?
2. WHY DID ROMAN OFFICIALS DECIDE THAT CHRISITIANITY
WAS HARMFUL
AND WHAT DID THEY DO TO THE CHRISTIANS?
3. WHO WAS THE FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR OF ROME?
4. WHAT HAPPENED UNDER THEODOSIUS THE GREAT?
 Rome Creates a Republic
 Learning Goal 5: Describe how the
Roman republic was structured,
identify the legal influences of the
Roman Empire and explain how
Christianity developed out of the
Jewish tradition and spread
throughout the Roman Empire.
(TEKS/SE’s 22B,3A,23A,16C,25B)
Roman Empire
Rome (not just a city)
Political Influences
 began as a republic in 509BC
 War and conquest led to huge territorial gains,
first in North Africa and the Mediterranean region
and eventually into northern Europe
 Growth in power of the military generals created
political power struggles and fall of the republic
 Republican rule was replaced by
imperial rule with the victory of
Octavian over Mark Antony
 Imperial Rome still maintained some political
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institutions from republican rule, such as the Senate
BUT real power was in the emperor and a growing
bureaucracy
Under imperial rule Rome thrived economically and
an aristocratic class of large landed estate owners
developed
During the 2nd century a period of peace and
prosperity –Pax Romana resulted from strong rule
Years of political instability, civil war and internal
decline made the empire vulnerable to invasion by
nomadic (barbarian) groups
Ideas of branches of government, republican and
imperial forms of government
EXPLAIN
 What are the rights and responsibilities of
citizens and non citizens in civic participation
throughout history?
Classical Rome
 Distinctive division between citizens and
noncitizens, those with no civil rights
 Only male of the patrician (aristocratic class)
could hold political office
 Both patricians and plebeians (less wealthy
class) could vote
 Plebeians served in the Roman army
Identify: How did the following ideas
influence the rights and responsibilities of
citizenship?
 Roman legal concepts such as, right to a "trial
by a jury of your peers", idea of “innocent
until proven guilty" and a right to “equality
before the law" are reflected in later Western
civilization legal documents and traditions
such as the Magna Carta, English Bill of
Rights and US Constitution.
Religious/ Philosophical Influences
 Christianity developed in the eastern
edge of the empire originally as a Jewish
sect
 After years of persecution, Christianity
was adopted as the official state religion
in Rome
 Christianity remained the major political,
intellectual and cultural force in the
region even after collapse of the empire
Cultural Influences
 Adopted Greek Hellenistic philosophy, literature,
scientific ideas
 Master builders –roads, aqueducts, fortifications,
cities
 Military power
 Latin language
 Roman legal traditions- Twelve Tables, “innocent
until proven guilty” right to challenge accuser in
front of a judge
Rome- Crash Course
Here is the another Crash Course Version on
Rome. Enjoy!
http://youtu.be/oPf27gAup9U
Christianity
 Origins
 Jesus was born to a Jewish family and as an adult
became an itinerant teacher gathering a
following of disciples
 Born in present day Israel
 Eventually Jesus claimed to be the Messiah and
“Son of God”
 Jesus gained popularity with the poor and
common people and threatened the power of
the Jewish establishment
Jesus
 Jewish authorities persuaded
Roman leaders to bring Jesus to
justice
 Jesus was tried for blasphemy
and treason, found guilty and put
to death by crucifixion
Central Ideas
 Jesus is divine “son of God”
 A monotheistic religion
 Christian teachings are found in the Bible
 After his death Jesus resurrected from the dead
to reveal himself to his followers
 A second coming of Jesus with happen on a Day
of Judgment
 Worship God, practice love and service to God
and fellow human beings is expected
 Forgiveness of sins and salvation are obtained
through belief in death and resurrection of Christ
Christian Expansion
 Spread by followers of Jesus know as the
disciples
 Missionaries were able to reach large groups in
urban areas that spoke Greek
 Roman roads and “Pax Romana” allowed ease
of travel for Christian missionaries
Christian Expansion
 Following a period of persecution,
Christianity was adopted as official religion
by the Roman Empire in 4th century –Edict of
Milan
 Conversion of Germanic tribes in the Middle
Ages continued to spread Christianity to
regions of Western Europe
 Later colonization spread Christianity to the
Americas in the 16th century
Christianity- Crash Course
 http://youtu.be/TG55ErfdaeY