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Climate change in the news Issue 16 – 31st March, 2011 Recent Agriculture and Forestry Articles/ Publications 1. 2. 3. 4. 37,000 Mangroves for Kiribati CGIAR Program Convenes Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change FAO to Provide Training on Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture PACC Socioeconomic Assessment Carried Out in Kivori, PNG REDD+ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Guide now available: Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) in REDD+ CBD Publishes Booklet on REDD+, Biodiversity and Livelihoods Updated REDD-plus Guide from FIELD The REDD Safeguards of Cancun REDD-plus briefing paper for Bangkok REDD-plus and Biodiversity e-Newsletter - Vol.14 - March 2011 7. New Forest Trends Report: Investing in Forest Carbon – Lessons from the first 20 years 8. Methodology for Calculating the GHG Benefits from Preventing Planned Degradation 9. Fiji Launches national REDD-Plus Policy 10. Fiji REDD-plus Consultations continue General 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fiji City Joins Making Cities Resilience Campaign EU, Pacific Islands Discuss Implementation of Climate Change Initiative 7th SPC Heads of Fisheries Meeting Discusses Impact of Climate Change CARE International release: PECCN Pages Newsletter Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Mangroves to Impacts of Climate Change 37, 000 Mangroves for Kiribati Planting mangroves on the atoll of Tarawa. SOUTH TARAWA, March 29, 2011—Over 37,000 mangrove seedlings have recently been planted on the islands of Aranuka, Butaritari, Maiana, Makin and in North and South Tarawa. The seedlings were planted through an activity funded by KAPII (Kiribati Adaptation Program Phase II) under the supervision of the Government of Kiribati’s Environment and Conservation Division. Turang Favae, Acting Biodiversity and Conservation Officer at the Environment and Conservation Division says, "First and foremost it contributes to the building of coastlines and protects our shores against coastal erosion." Mangroves, although considered a ‘soft’ option when compared to seawalls, can be one of the most effective forms of coastal protection that in addition provide a range of other benefits. "We see mangroves as an important habitat for marine life that use the mangroves as their homes. In that sense mangrove ecosystems are important to the marine species that we depend on for our livelihoods," says Mrs. Favae. "They also contribute to the natural carbon dioxide cycle, act as buffers to storm surges and sea sprays and help filter nutrient runoff from land as mangrove roots absorb these nutrients and reduce pollution impacts on the sea." Dr. Helene Jacot Des Combes, of the Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development at the University of the South Pacific, Suva, sees mangroves as a coastal protection option that can go beyond government and into the hands of the people. "It is a solution that is not as costly as others and it can be done by the community, there is no real maintenance required and it profits the community by providing extra food and fire wood," says Dr. Jacot Des Combe. More CGIAR Program Convenes Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change 11 March 2011: The Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) has convened a Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change. The Commission will synthesize major studies and identify pathways to address food security in the context of climate change. It will develop a set of recommendations on: putting sustainable agriculture approaches into action at scale to increase production of food, fiber and fuel; helping decrease poverty; and enhancing environmental protection. The recommended policy actions will be directed at international policy forums such as the UNFCCC, the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD or Rio 2012), and the Group of 20 (G20) industrialized and developing countries. The Commission is made up of eminent scientists and economists from 13 countries. Additional support is provided by the Global Donor Platform for Rural Development. [CCAFS Press Release] [CCAFS Press Release on the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change] [Commission Website] FAO to Provide Training on Modelling Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture 8 March 2011: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) will be offering training to national meteorological services, agriculture departments and other relevant institutions on performing impact assessments using the FAO-MOSAICC (Modelling System for Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change) tool. The system and related capacity building activities will be trialled in Morocco in 2011 before being exported to other countries. The tool will help countries fill the gaps on understanding how agriculture and crop production will be affected by the impacts of climate change. The tool will examine how changing crop yields under a variety of climate change scenarios will impact national economies. This will then allow countries to develop effective adaptation strategies. Trainings will be provided at host institutions in: statistical downscaling for climate data; hydrological modelling; crop modelling; dynamic computable general equilibrium models; and server maintenance. Optional training in statistics is also available, as well as continued assistance from the FAO team when the climate change impact studies are undertaken. The FAO-MOSAICC project is being developed under a joint programme of the FAO and European Commission on "Linking information in decision making to improve food security." [UN Press Release] [FAO-MOSAICC Site] [Climate Change Policy and Practice Story on the Launch of the FAO-MOSAICC Tool] PACC Socioeconomic Assessment Carried Out in Kivori, PNG 28 February 2011: A socioeconomic assessment is been carried out in Kivori, Papua New Guinea (PNG), as a pilot site for the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (PACC) Project, implemented by the PNG Department of Agriculture and Livestock, with the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), and funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The PACC Project team is analyzing the various problems faced by Kivori communities with a view to designing a PACC Programme for Kivori. The assessment is expected continue before on-the-ground implementation is carried out towards the end of 2011. [SPREP Press Release] Guide now available: Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) in REDD+ Last week Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and RECOFTC – The Centre for People and Forests launched a guide on “Free, Prior, and Informed Consent in REDD+: Principles and Approaches for Policy and Project Development” at a regional GIZ conference in Bangkok. The publication has been developed jointly by the GIZ Sector Network Natural Resources and Rural Development – Asia and RECOFTC’s Grassroots Capacity Building Program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in the Asia-Pacific Region with the involvement of a consortium of nongovernment organizations and civil society organizations working on REDD+ projects or on indigenous rights in the region. Put simply, “free, prior, and informed consent” (FPIC) is the right of indigenous peoples to say “yes, and how” or “no” to developments affecting their resources and territories. It is based in international law and in some countries, in national law. Its legal status has been strengthened through the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in 2008. Originating in the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination it is increasingly being extended to all local communities with historic or customary connection to the land and resources they use. FPIC has regained publicity and prominence through the international climate change negotiations and is discussed as one of several safeguards for REDD+. The guide describes what it takes to respect the right to free, prior, and informed consent in REDD+ projects and programs. Under its ongoing project on grassroots capacity building for REDD, RECOFTC will now develop a training manual based on the FPIC guide. Aimed at government officers, field facilitators, and project proponents who are and will be involved in REDD+ design and implementation, the manual will build capacity to understand and better apply FPIC in specific contexts. The guide can be downloaded here: http://www.forclime.org/images/stories/RECOFTC-GIZ_FPIC_in_REDD_2011.pdf Or here: http://www.recoftc.org/site/resources/Free-Prior-and-Informed-Consent-in-REDD-.php CBD Publishes Booklet on REDD+, Biodiversity and Livelihoods March 2011: The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), has published a booklet titled "Biodiversity and Livelihoods: REDD-plus Benefits." The publication demonstrates how measures and policies for REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, including conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of carbon stocks) can simultaneously address climate change, biodiversity loss and poverty. The booklet reviews the role of forests in, and synergies between, mitigation and adaptation strategies, and the importance of indigenous and local communities as key partners and beneficiaries of REDD+ efforts. It also points to market interest in multiple benefits of forests beyond carbon, noting that a financial compensation mechanism should aim to achieve multiple benefits simultaneously and remunerate their mutual promotion. It calls for political will and coordination at the country level for enhancing synergies and cost savings. [Publication : Biodiversity and Livelihoods: REDD-plus Benefits] Updated REDD-plus Guide from FIELD FIELD has updated its Guide for REDD-plus Negotiators to take account of the Cancun outcomes. The purpose of this guide is to assist developing country negotiators and others who are working on REDD-plus. It is available in English, French and Spanish. This is an updated version of the guide that was released in October 2010. The guide is divided into three parts: - Part I considers REDD-plus in the negotiations - Part II contains general negotiating tips for new REDD-plus negotiators and others - Part III contains UNFCCC documents that are often referred to in REDD-plus negotiations Please visit http://www.field.org.uk/news/updated-redd-plus-guide to download the guide. This project was funded by the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation. The REDD Safeguards of Cancun A Working paper titled "The REDD safeguards of Cancun" by Dr Promode Kant, Swati Chaliha and Dr Wu Shuirong has been published by IGREC and is available on our website http://www.igrec.in/index.html Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries has been recognized as a major climate change mitigation tool. But since deforestation and forest degradation so often accompany extreme poverty, particularly among the indigenous people and forest dependent communities, it has been argued that unless properly safeguarded REDD can further impoverish the lives of the poor besides impinging negatively on biodiversity, food security and on national sovereignty. The Cancun Agreement has now addressed these concerns through well designed safeguards. By making REDD primarily responsible for meeting the basic objectives of Article 2 of the UNFCCC that requires climate change mitigation without harming food security and economic development it has been ensured that the REDD activities that discourage future extension of agriculture over forested lands would have to be accompanied by enhanced agricultural productivity so that the food production is not threatened and economic development moves apace. Further the agreement has emphasized REDD as a voluntary mitigation action by developing countries that can only be undertaken taking into account national legislation and sovereignty. Cancun has laid a sound foundation on which a more comprehensive architecture for REDD that includes a market based mechanism can be built in the coming years. REDD-plus briefing paper for Bangkok FIELD has prepared a new briefing paper on REDD-plus ahead of the next UN climate change meeting taking place in Bangkok, 5-8 April 2011. The aim of the paper is to assist developing country negotiators who are working on REDD-plus. Download at: http://www.field.org.uk/news/new-redd-plus-paper-bangkok-climate-change-meeting This paper has been prepared with support from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). REDD-plus and Biodiversity e-Newsletter - Vol.14 - March 2011 The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity has just released Vol. 14 of its REDD-plus and Biodiversity e-Newsletter. It is available at: http://www.cbd.int/forest/newsletters/redd-14.htm For more information on the REDD-plus and Biodiversity e-Newsletter and on how to subscribe, or to view previous issues, please visit: http://www.cbd.int/forest/redd/newsletters/ New Forest Trends Report: Investing in Forest Carbon – Lessons from the first 20 years It has been more than two decades since forest carbon transactions first occurred. What have we learned about forest carbon projects in general and investment insights in particular? The recently launched Forest Trends and Katoomba Group report “Investing in Forest Carbon: Lessons from the First 20 Years” addresses that question. With support from Bio-Logical Capital, the team at Forest Trends and the Katoomba Group conducted over 50 one-on-one interviews with forest carbon leaders—from investors, through standard-setters, project developers, and sellers. The report offers a glimpse into the over 200 projects developed in the last 20 years, but also dives in and finds the lessons in the successes and failures. Perhaps most importantly, the report includes a list of suggested forest carbon project screening selection criteria which may help mitigate the risk for forest carbon investors around the world. These screening selection criteria examine every aspect of the potential project, from national laws surrounding carbon transactions to local context to technical prospects. As a result, the report provides a clear guide for the investor community in evaluating risk before investing in forest carbon projects around the world. You can download the report here. Methodology for Calculating the GHG Benefits from Preventing Planned Degradation The methodology was assessed by two independent validation/verification bodies under the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) Methodology Approval Process. Approval means the methodology may now be used to develop projects and issue credits verified to VCS criteria. Further information on the methodology can be found on the VCS website. Comments or questions may be addressed to [email protected]. Fiji Launches national REDD-Plus policy The Fiji REDD-Plus (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation + enhancing and increasing carbon stocks) policy was launched in Suva on Wednesday, 9 March 2010 by Mr Viliame Naupoto, the Fiji Permanent Secretary for Fisheries and Forests and also Chairman of the Fiji National Climate Change Country Team. The launch was held at the Holiday Inn and was attended by guests from several sectors and agencies. Mr Naupoto described the event as a momentous one, and he congratulated the many stakeholders on their achievement of developing the policy. The policy will contribute towards strengthening the country’s efforts to manage forest resources sustainably, while at the same time mitigating climate change. Mr Naupoto also highlighted the important side benefits of REDDPlus initiatives, such as the protection and enhancement of ecosystem services provided by forests. These services include the provision of clean water, wild edible plants, fertile soil and sources of livelihood. The Fiji REDD-Plus policy was formally endorsed by cabinet in December 2010 after a comprehensive stakeholder consultation process that began with its first drafting in September 2009. The policy will be implemented through a national REDD-Plus programme that will aim at putting in place supporting institutional and legal frameworks to ensure transparency, good governance and observance of safeguards, such as protection of the rights of indigenous resource owners. The national REDD-Plus programme will also address technical components of REDD-Plus, such as the establishment of a forest carbon monitoring system. Speaking on the implementation of REDD-Plus, the Director of the Fiji Department of Environment, Mr. Jope Davetanivalu, highlighted the synergies that will be created with the other Rio conventions such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Department of Environment is one of the key stakeholders in REDD-Plus and collaboration with the Forestry Department has been strengthened in the last two years with the Forestry Department joining the Fiji negotiation team as lead REDD-Plus resource persons at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meetings. Also present at the launch was the Fiji Principal Cultural Development Officer, Adi Meretui Ratunabuabua, who noted the policy provisions for safeguarding indigenous rights and commented that this provision aligns with national, regional and international frameworks on indigenous knowledge and culture. She urged that the implementation process also consider these frameworks. The Fiji REDD-Plus initiative is supported through the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Regional Programme — Coping with Climate Change in the Pacific Island Region. In his address to the guests, Dr Hermann Fickinger, Programme Director for GIZ, said that the policy was developed through constructive teamwork and cooperation, reflecting the healthy partnerships and collaborations existing among stakeholders. The successful partnership between SPC, GIZ and the Fiji Forestry Department was forged over two decades of development cooperation, and it continues through the Fiji REDD-Plus programme. The Fiji REDD-Plus Policy can be downloaded from http://www.spc.int/lrd/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=211&Itemid=48 For further information, contact Mr Samuela Lagataki, Fiji Deputy Conservator of Forests, [email protected] and Ms Christine Fung, [email protected] Fiji REDD-plus Consultations continue The second round of consultations on the development of the Fiji REDD-plus (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation + enhancing and increasing of carbon stocks) strategy was held in Suva, Fiji on Tuesday 08 March 2011. Invited stakeholders from various sectors reviewed the first draft and deliberated on strategic actions necessary for Fiji to implement REDD+ and to allow it to access appropriate financing mechanisms. The REDD-plus strategy was first drafted in a 2-day workshop held in November 2010. Mr. Sairusi Bulai, Forest and Trees Adviser of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, officially opened the workshop reminding participants of their valuable contributions to allow for the implementation of the national REDD-plus policy. The REDD-plus policy was endorsed by cabinet in December 2010. Mr Bulai praised the commitment of the participants and their sectors for continuing to support the country’s efforts towards REDD-readiness. Most of the participants have been involved since the inception of the REDD-plus programme in 2009. The main components of the draft strategy conform to policy statements in the national REDD+ policy. These include the development of REDD+ guidelines including carbon trading, the establishment of credible monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, the establishment and implementation of pilots sites to promote a “learning by doing” approach, and strengthening Fiji’s capacity to negotiate on REDD+ issues at the regional and international policy level. Featured prominently in discussions was the need to put in place structures to ensure equitable benefits accrue to indigenous forest resource owners. Mr Solomone Nata from the Native Lands Trust Board stressed the need to put in place regulatory frameworks and REDD+ guidelines to ensure transparency and good governance of REDD+ projects. Participants also recognised the need to further develop their capacities to better understand the different facets of REDD+ ranging from technical requirements needed to carry out carbon stock assessments to the international policy processes involving REDD+. These issues will be taken on-board in the drafted REDD-plus strategy. Ms Morena Rigamoto, Live and Learn Fiji country manager, requested the support of relevant agencies to develop technical capacities of non-governmental organisations to implement REDD+ projects, making special mention of MRV systems. Agencies to tap with the technical expertise include the Forestry Department, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) - Applied Geoscience and Technology Division (SOPAC), and the University of the South Pacific – Institute of Applied Sciences. The development of the Fiji national REDD-plus policy and the current drafting of the Fiji REDD-plus strategy are supported under the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)/ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Regional Programme Coping with Climate Change in the Pacific Island Region. Under this support it is anticipated that Fiji will be REDD-ready by 2012. The report of the strategy workshop conducted in November 2010 can be downloaded from this link: http://www.spc.int/lrd/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=211&Itemid=48 Contacts for further information: Mr Samuela Lagataki, Fiji Deputy Conservator of Forests, [email protected] ; or Ms Christine Fung, [email protected] Fiji City Joins Making Cities Resilience Campaign 8 March 2011: The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) has announced that Lami, Fiji, has joined the UN disaster reduction campaign “Making Cities Resilient: My City Is Getting Ready!” Lami is the first Pacific island city to join the global Campaign, which has been regionally adapted to: “Making the Pacific Resilient – My community is getting ready!” Campaign objectives include: know more, through raising the awareness of citizens and governments at all levels of the benefits of reducing urban risks; invest wisely, through identifying budget allocations within local government funding plans to invest in disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities; and build more safely, including through mainstreaming DRR in participatory urban development planning processes and protecting critical infrastructure. The aim of the Campaign is to enlist over 1,000 local government leaders to increase investment in DRR, including: improving urban planning, infrastructure and building safety; reinforcing drainage systems to reduce flood, storm and health threats; installing early warning systems; conducting public preparedness drills; and taking measures to adapt to the increasing impacts of climate change. [UN/ISDR Press Release] EU, Pacific Islands Discuss Implementation of Climate Change Initiative 2 March 2011: A High-Level Regional Conference on Climate Change in the Pacific is convening in Vanuatu from 2-4 March 2011, where the EU and Pacific countries are discussing implementation of the Joint Pacific-EU Initiative on Climate Change. The Initiative was launched in 2010 to build a stronger political dialogue on climate change, enhance the effectiveness of climate change cooperation, and mobilize international efforts on climate change in the Pacific. On the occasion, EU Commissioner for Development Andris Piebalgs announced new climate funding opportunities for the Pacific. He launched and announced, inter alia, programmes aimed at: fighting poverty and the consequences of climate change; strengthening Pacific economic integration through trade; supporting climate change capacity development for the population of the Pacific islands; and reducing risks from natural disasters. [EU Press Release] [Piebalgs’ Speech] 7th SPC Heads of Fisheries Meeting Discusses Impact of Climate Change 4 March 2011: The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) convened the 7th SPC Heads of Fisheries Meeting from 1-4 March, in Noumea, New Caledonia. The meeting brought together fisheries representatives from 14 Pacific Island Countries and included a one-day session on climate change, where delegates considered the impact of climate change on Pacific fisheries. Key messages presented to delegates by regional and international experts included that climate change is predicted to cause large declines in coastal fisheries resources in the region, with potential production cut by as much as 50% by 2100. The impacts are predicted due to higher sea temperatures, ocean acidification and loss of important habitats like coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. Mariculture, the farming of saltwater fish and shellfish, is expected to be negatively impacted. Pearl culture, the most valuable aquaculture in the Pacific, is also expected to suffer as rising levels of carbon dioxide cause increased ocean acidity, making it harder for pearl oysters to form their shells. Seaweed farming is also predicted to be impacted as higher water temperatures increase the risk of disease in seaweed. Some positive impacts of climate change were also highlighted. These included that freshwater fisheries in countries near the equator could potentially become more productive as a result of increased rainfall. Specifically, commonly farmed freshwater fish like tilapia could benefit from increased freshwater availability and higher temperatures. Predicted impacts of climate change on the region’s largest fishery, tuna, were mixed. Models of the abundance and distribution of skipjack tuna suggested some increase in production potential over the next 25 years, but a small reduction in the longer term. In addition, tuna fishing grounds are expected to shift generally eastwards, with countries in Polynesia the primary beneficiaries. For bigeye, the most valuable of the four tunas in the region which is already subject to overfishing, the projections are less promising; climate change is expected to cut production in all Pacific Island countries by 2100. The biennial SPC Heads of Fisheries Meeting provides technical oversight of all SPC work in the field of fisheries and aquaculture, as well as an opportunity to discuss in detail topics of special interest. SPC is currently coordinating the production of a comprehensive assessment of the vulnerability of fisheries and aquaculture to climate change in the 22 Pacific Island countries and territories based on information compiled by teams of experts. The session included presentations from experts on the key results of the assessment. [SPC Press Release] CARE International release: PECCN Pages Newsletter CARE are excited to share with everyone the link to the latest version of PECCN pages: http://www.careclimatechange.org/files/CARE_docs/PECCN_PAGES_Feb2011.pdf Highlights of the 24-page publication include: - Articles about new CARE initiatives in advocacy, adaptation and carbon finance; A COP16 overview; Details on new projects including global research on rainfall patterns, a participatory M&E Methodology and disaster risk reduction work in SE Asia; - A presentation on mainstreaming gender in REDD; Our women’s empowerment framework; Results from CARE International’s first ‘Going Green’ survey; Case studies on integrating climate change into projects; and So much more! Also posted are their most recent Programmes and Projects on their website at: http://www.careclimatechange.org. Finally - please take a look at their inspiring Powerful Hands video at: http://www.careclimatechange.org/hands. The short video is now available in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese, with German and Dutch coming soon. Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Mangroves to Impacts of Climate Change WWF in partnership with the Global Environment Facility (GEF) is developing and test an adaptation approach through resilience building, the inherent ability to recover from climate change in high biodiversity tropical mangrove areas and associated coral reef, sea grass and upland ecosystems. The project by examining similar systems in multiple locations develops a generalizable method, generating replicable results between sites in mangroves, sea grass and coral reef ecosystems. The parallel situation drawn from multiple sites allows for the development of regional scale planning; potentially promote protected area networks and linkages between threatened systems. The project focus on four initiatives, jointly implemented with government, NGO, resource owners and communities with a stake in resource management of mangroves and associated systems like coral reefs and sea grass meadows. http://www.wwfpacific.org.fj/?199400/Vulnerability-Assessment-of-Coastal-Mangroves-to-Impacts-ofClimate-Change