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ECF Saint Too Canaan College
Biology public exam exercise
Respiration
Name: ___________________
Class: ______ (
)
Date: _____________________
CE 1999_I_Q.1(b)(iii)
1.
Peter was asked to perform a fitness test in which he ran up and down the staircase at the same
speed for 5 minutes. At the end of the fitness test, Peter’s blood was found to contain a high
level of lactic acid.
(a) Write a word equation for the process that leads to the production of lactic acid. (2 marks)
(b) Explain the importance of this process.
(2 marks)
CE 1999_I_Q.4(b)
2.
The diagram below shows an experimental set-up used by John to study the changes in the rate
of respiration of mealworms at different temperatures. During the experiment, the position of
the plunger remained unchanged.
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(a) Explain why this set-up can be used to measure the rate of respiration of the mealworms.
(4 marks)
(b) Using the data obtained from this set-up, John worked out the rate of respiration of the
mealworms at different temperatures and the results are shown in the graph below:
(i)
What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the experiment?
(2 marks)
(ii)
Based on biological principles, explain the conclusion obtained in (1).
(3 marks)
(c) Whenever the water bath was changed to a new temperature, John waited for 10 minutes
before he started to take any reading. Explain why this is necessary.
(2 marks)
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CE 2004_I_Q.4(a)
3.
An experiment was carried out to study the changes in blood lactic acid concentration of an
athlete during and after exercise. On day 1, the athlete ran for 10 minutes and then sat down to
rest for 40 minutes. On day 2, she performed the same exercise, followed by slow jogging for 40
minutes. The results of the experiment are shown in the graph below:
(a) Account for the increase in blood lactic acid concentration in the first 10 minutes.(3 marks)
(b) The rate of carbon dioxide production also increased in the first 10 minutes. Write a word
equation to show how carbon dioxide produced.
(2 marks)
(c) Why is it harmful to the body cells if the blood contains a high level of lactic acid?(1 mark)
(d) Referring to the graph, which method, sitting down or slow jogging, is more effective in
removing lactic acid from the blood after exercise? Based on your biological knowledge,
explain why this method is more effective.
(4 marks)
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CE 2007_I_Q.4
4.
A student carried out an investigation to compare the activity of three brands of yeast. He added
a mixture of fixed amounts of dough and yeast into a measuring cylinder and recorded the
volume of the mixture. After putting the measuring cylinder in a water bath at 30 oC for one
hour, the volume of the mixture was recorded again. The diagram below shows his set-up:
(a) The results of the investigation are shown in the table below. Complete the table by finding
out the percentage change in the volume of mixture for brand C.
(1 mark)
(b) Draw a bar chart to show the activity of the three brands of yeast in terms of the percentage
change in the volume of mixture.
(3 marks)
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4.
(c) Explain why the yeast can make the mixture rise.
(3 marks)
(d) The student wants to make a cake that is the most spongy. Based on the above results,
which brand of yeast should be used?
(1 mark)
(e) Why should the set-up be kept in a water bath?
(f)
(1 mark)
If the student wanted to study the effect of temperature on the activity of yeast, suggest two
changes that should be made in his experimental design.
(2 marks)
CE 2007_I_Q.3
5.
The photomicrograph below shows a cross section of a dicotyledonous leaf:
(a) With reference to the photomicrograph, give two structural differences between cell types
X and Y.
(2 marks)
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(b) (i)
In the presence of light, carbohydrates are formed and then stored in cell type Y.
(1)
State the carbohydrate stored.
(1 mark)
(2)
If you have prepared a thin section of a leaf, how would you show the presence
of the stored carbohydrate in it?
(3 marks)
(ii) Explain why the stored carbohydrate in cell type Y disappears when the plant is kept
in darkness.
(3 marks)
AL 1999_I_Q.2(a) _modified
5.
The following diagram shows the structural details of a plant cell:
Using the numbers given in the diagram, indicate the site for
(a) CO2 production: _________
(b) glycolysis: ________
(2 marks)
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AL 2002_II_Q.1(b)
6.
The following diagram shows a bacterial cell with some of its structures labelled:
This bacterial cell generates energy by an electron transport chain system at structure A. Name
the organelle that performs the same function in eukaryotic cells. How is the structure of this
organelle specialized to carry out this function?
(3 marks)
AL 2003_I_Q.6(b)
7.
In plant cells, the processes of carbohydrate formation in photosynthesis and carbohydrate
breakdown in respiration are not the direct reversal of each other
(a) What would be the consequence if these two processes were the direct reversal of each
other?
(2 marks)
(b) How can plant cells ensure that these two processes are not the direct reversal of each
other?
(2 marks)
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AL 2005_I_Q.2(a)(b)
8.
The diagram below outlines the biochemical pathway of respiration in animal and plant cells:
6-carbon compound
(a) (i)
State the end product(s) of anaerobic respiration.
(2 marks)
Animal cells:
_____________________________________________
Plant cells:
_____________________________________________
(ii) Based on your knowledge of biochemical reactions, suggest a reason why the same
substrate (pyruvate) can be broken down into different end products in the anaerobic
respiration of animal and plant cells.
(1 mark)
(b) Give one carrier that transfers electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport
chain.
(1 mark)
(c) Explain why the electron transport chain cannot operate under anaerobic condition.
(1 mark)
(d) Indicate on the diagram two other sites where carbon dioxide is released in the aerobic
pathway.
(2 marks)
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AL 2005_II_Q.3(b)
9.
Both the chloroplast and the mitochondrion possess unique internal membranous features.
Describe how these membranous features in the two organelles are related to their function(s).
(4 marks)
AL 2006_II_Q.5(a)
10. Both the biochemical pathways of the Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle involve a cyclic
transformation of metabolites. How do these cycles differ in their occurrence and in the nature
of the biochemical reactions involved?
(10 marks)
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DSE 2012_IB_Q.9
11. Drugs X and Y may inhibit enzymes involved in glycolysis, the Krebs cycle or oxidative
phosphorylatin. To study the effects of the drugs, some muscle cells were isolated and treated
with these two drugs separately in the presence of oxygen. The cellcular levels of ATP, NADH,
and pyruvate were determined. The results are shown in the table shown.
The data for the control are set as 100% for comparative purpose.
(a) Suggest the key process that is inhibited by drug X. Explain your answer.
(3 marks)
(b) Suggest the key process that is inhibited by drug Y. Explain why there is an accumulation
of pyruvate in the muscle cells after treatment with drug Y.
(3 marks)
(c) Instead of incubating in the presence of oxygen, the untreated muscle cells were incubated
under anaerobic conditions. Predict the change in the cellular ATP, NADH and lactate
levels.
(3 marks)
(d) A student would like to study the enzymes involved in glycolysis, krebs cycle and
oxidative phosphorylation separately. Suggest cellular components he needs to isolate for
the investigation.
(3 marks)
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DSE 2014_IB_Q.1
12. For each of the biomolecules listed in Column 1, select from Column 2 one phrase that matches
it. Put the appropriate letter in the space provided.
Column 1
Column 2
NADPH
A. a product of oxidative phosphorylation
pyruvate
B.
a product of photochemical reactions
NAD
C.
a product of carbon fixation
(3 marks)
D. a product of glycolysis
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ECF Saint Too Canaan College
Biology public exam exercise – Respiration
1.
(a) glucose  lactic acid
1
(b) To provide additional energy to the skeletal muscle cells
so that the skeletal muscle can contract more vigorously
1
1
(3)
2.
(a) The mealworms take in oxygen during respiration.
Any carbon dioxide produced by the mealworms is absorbed by the soda lime.
This leads to a drop in air pressure inside the syringe
and the water droplet will be drawn downwards.
Thus the rate of movement of the water droplet indicates the rate of respiration.
(b) (i)
The rate of respiration of mealworms increases with an increase in temperature
o
1
1
1
1
1
o
from 20 C to 50 C.
(ii) With an increase in the external temperature, the body temperature of meal
worms rises.
Thus the enzymatic activity of the worms increases.
Thus leads to an increase in the metabolic rate / body activities / energy demand.
1
1
1
Thus the respiration rate of the mealworms rises.
(c) To allow time for the air temperature inside the syringe to become equal to the
temperature of the water bath
and the respiratory rate of the meal worms to become adjusted to the new temperature.
1
1
(10)
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3.
(a) The muscles carry out anaerobic respiration
to release additional energy for muscle contraction.
As anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, it will lead to an increase in blood lactic
acid concentration.
1
1
1
(b) glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
2
(c) Because it lowers the pH of the blood / tissue fluid which adversely affects cellular
activities / it inactivates enzymes.
1
(d) slow jogging
This is because slow jogging can maintain a relatively high rate of heart beat / blood
1
1
flow / breathing,
which increases the rate of oxygen supply to the body,
thus enhances the breakdown of lactic acid / conversion of lactic acid to glycogen.
1
1
(10)
4.
(a) 130
(b) correct title (T)
correct labelling of axes (A)
correct drawing and labelling of bars (B)
(c) Anaerobic respiration of yeast
produce carbon dioxide
which is trapped inside the dough
making it rises.
0.5
1
1.5
1
1
1
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4.
(d) Brand B
(e) To ensure the temperature of the three mixtures are the same / maintain the temperature
at 30oC throughout the investigation.
1
(f)
1
1
Use only one brand of yeast.
Put the measuring cylinder in water baths at different temperatures.
(11)
5.
(a) 1
1
(b) 3
1
(2)
6.
*mitochondrion
 inner mitochondrial membrane folded to form cristae
 to increase the surface area for electron transport chain / enzyme binding
1
1
1
(3)
7.
(a) the product formed would be readily converted back to the raw material (1) /
product and raw materials will be in equilibrium, this will lead to reduced yield or
2
wastage (1) /
highly inefficient, the two processes cannot be operated/ regulated independently (1)
(accept other reasonable arguments)
(b) compartmentalization, photosynthesis and respiration occur in different organelles /
sites / locations (1)
different enzyme systems to ensure that the processes are not reversible (1)
2
(4)
8.
(a) (i)
Animal cells: lactic acid
1
Plant cells: ethanol and carbon dioxide
1
(ii) Because the enyme(s) involved in the breaking down of pyruvate in animal cells
is / are different from those in plant cells.
1
(b) NADH / FADH
1
(c) Because oxygen is required as the final electron acceptor
1
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8.
(d) On the diagram: CO2 is released from the steps of pyruvate acid  acetyl-CoA &
6-cabon compound  5-carbon comound
1
1
(7)
9.
There is folding of inner membrane to form cristae in mitochondrion
1
and thylakoids stack up forming grana in chloroplast.
1
These membranous features increase surface area for holding e-transport carries and 1
enzymes
for ATP synthesis.
1
OR
Chloroplast contains chlorophyll to maximize light capture
(1)
for ATP synthesis.
(1)
(4)
10.
2
8
(10)
11.
(a) Drug X inhibits glycolysis.
As glycolysis is the first step in the respiratory pathway, the inhibition of glycolysis
will halt the processes that follow
Hence, the overall production of pyruvate, ATP and NADH are greatly reduced
showing that the whole respiratory pathway was inhibited.
1
1
(b) Drug Y inhibits Krebs cycle.
When the respiratory pathway is halted at Krebs cycle, pyruvate would not be
metabolized
but blycolysis still proceeds as usual and produce pyruvate, as a result, pyruvate will
accumulate
1
1
1
1
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11.
(c) In anaerobic conditions, muscle cells undergoes anaerobic respiration and produce less
ATP
1
and less NADH than aerobic respiration.
At the same time, lactic acid level rises as it is produced as a result of incomplete
oxidation.
1
1
(d) Glycolysis: cytoplasm
Krebs cycle: mitochondrion matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial inccer membrane / cristae
1
1
1
(12)
12. B
1
D
A
1
1
(3)
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