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Gel Electrophoresis Genetic Engineering Restriction Enzymes – Enzymes that cut DNA Enzymes that cut DNA sequences at specific regions • Hundreds are known • Each one recognizes a specific sequence of nucleotides Gel Electrophoresis – A process that separates DNA •DNA fragments are placed at one end of a porous gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel. •When the power is turned on, the negatively-charged DNA molecules move toward the positive end of the gel. •Smaller fragments travel further. •Gel electrophoresis can be used to compare the genomes of different organisms or different individuals. Electrophoresis separates molecules by CHARGE and SIZE Electrophoresis means “to carry with electricity” Molecular sieve Electricity