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Today is Tuesday,
nd
November 22 , 2016
Pre-Class:
Today we are reviewing.
Have your questions ready!
Have Lab 5, with your name on it, in the Turn-In Box.
Today’s Agenda
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Review
Review
Diapers?
Review
First, some other stuff…
• Whisper Down the Metabolic Pathway –
Photosynthesis Edition
• TED: Amanda Ooten – The Simple Story of
Photosynthesis and Food
A Big Ol’ Summary
Don’t focus too much on numbers…
• Respiration
– Glycolysis [cytosol]
Follow the Carbons
CCCCCC
• Input: Glucose (1), ATP (2)
CCC
• Output: Pyruvate (2), ATP (4 total, 2 net), NADH (2) C C C
– Pyruvate Oxidation [mitochondrial matrix]
• Input: Pyruvate (2)
• Output: Acetyl CoA (2), NADH (2), CO2 (2)
CCC
CCC
CCC
CCC
• Input: Acetyl CoA (2)
• Output: ATP (2), NADH (6), FADH2 (2), CO2 (4)
CC
CC
– Citric Acid Cycle [mitochondrial matrix]
C
C
C
C
– Oxidative Phosphorylation [mitochondrial matrix/membrane]
• Input: NADH (10), FADH2 (2), O2 (6)
• Output: ATP (26-34), H2O (6)
– Fermentation [cytosol]
• Input: Pyruvate (2)
• Output: NAD+ (2), Ethanol and CO2 OR Lactic Acid
A Big Ol’ Summary
Don’t focus too much on numbers…
• Photosynthesis
– Light Reactions [thylakoid membrane]
• Input: Light, H2O
• Output: ATP, NADPH (if using linear electron flow), O2
– Calvin Cycle [stroma]
• Input: 3 CO2 (requires two turns), NADPH (6), ATP (9)
• Output: 2 G3P (one for each of two turns)
Review Game Rules
• I will ask a question to the class.
• Each participant (that’s you) writes down the
answer silently.
– Not each group…each individual.
• After a few moments, I will say, “Compare
answers.”
• Each of you will look at what the other wrote.
Review Game Rules
• Did you each get the right answer?
• 2 points.
• Did one of you get the right answer?
• 1 point.
• Neither of you?
• For shame. 0 points.
• And eternal guilt.
Review Game Rules
• The List of Do Nots:
– Do not talk to each other, make noises, gesture,
give answers (my discretion here) between when
the question has been read and when I say,
“Compare answers.”
• Doing so will result in a disqualification for that round.
Don’t believe me? Try it.
– Do not fall asleep when I’m getting scores.
• If you’re not paying attention, I’m not giving you points.
Review Question 1
• Where on an enzyme does a substrate bind?
– The active site.
Review Question 2
• How does a noncompetitive inhibitor affect
enzyme activity?
– Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a location other
than the active site. Their binding changes the
shape of the enzyme making normal substrate
action limited.
Review Question 3
• Name five conditions that affect enzyme
activity.
– Temperature/Heat
– pH
– Salinity
– Inhibitors
– Activators
– Enzyme Concentration
– Substrate Concentration
Review Question 4
• Calculate the Gibbs free energy change in a
reaction with ΔH = 18,000 cal, T = 15 °C, ΔS =
75 cal/K.
• ΔG = ΔH – T  ΔS
• ΔG = ΔH – T  ΔS
• ΔG = 18,000 – 288  75
• -3600 cal
Review Question 5
• Catabolic reactions do what general process to
molecules?
– Break them down.
Review Question 6
• In what way do CAM plants separate the light
reactions and the Calvin cycle?
– They separate the cycles temporally (by time).
Review Question 7
• From where to where are protons pumped in
the light reactions?
– From the stroma into the thylakoid space.
Review Question 8
• In both photosynthesis and respiration, what
enzyme produces the most ATP?
– ATP Synthase.
Review Question 9
• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION
• You may wager any/all of your points.
• Category: Business
• One company makes Bounty paper towels, Olay
cosmetics, Pampers diapers, Vicks cough/cold
products, Gillette razors, Dawn soap, Head and
Shoulders shampoo, Scope mouthwash, Febreze
deodorants, and Crest toothpaste. They also used to
own Pringles, Sunny Delight, Pur, Clearasil, Folgers,
Duracell, Crisco, Jif, and Hawaiian Punch. Which?
– Proctor & Gamble.
Review Question 10
• Substrates fit enzymes like keys in a lock.
However, research suggests that the lock then
moves a bit more to fit the key even better.
What is the name of this concept?
– The induced-fit model.
Review Question 11
• In what way do C4 plants separate the light
reactions and the Calvin cycle?
– They separate the cycles spatially (in two different
cells).
Review Question 12
• What’s the difference between a cofactor and
a coenzyme in activating an enzyme?
– Cofactors are inorganic (many are metals) whereas
coenzymes are organic.
Review Question 13
• Gibbs free energy is generally _____ when the
resulting product(s) is/are more complex than
the reactant(s).
– positive
Review Question 14
• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION
• You may wager any/all of your points.
• Category: Geography
• What is the only US state to have had a
monarchy prior to earning statehood (not
including the original 13 colonies)?
– Hawaii.
Review Question 15
• What are the three primary electron carriers
involved in photosynthesis and respiration?
– NADPH, NADH, FADH2
Review Question 16
• Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
– Mitochondrial matrix.
Review Question 17
• What is the primary input for pyruvate
oxidation?
– Reese’s Spreads.
– Just kidding. Pyruvate.
Review Question 18
• What is the primary output for pyruvate
oxidation?
– Acetyl CoA.
Review Question 19
• What is the primary input for the Calvin cycle?
– CO2.
Review Question 20
• How do enzymes increase reaction rates?
– They lower activation energy OR
– They orient substrates spatially to facilitate
bonding OR
– They destabilize bonds to facilitate dissociation.
Review Question 21
• During the light reactions, electrons from
which photosystem power the ETC (the one
that generates ATP)?
– Photosystem II.
Review Question 22
• Where is that electron transport chain
located?
– Thylakoid membrane.
Review Question 23
• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION
• You may wager any/all of your points.
• Category: Vocabulary
• Name one English language word that has all
vowels (including ‘y’) in order.
– Facetiously.
– Abstemiously.
Review Question 24
• Fermentation regenerates which molecule?
– NAD+.
Review Question 25
• Why are the cristae so folded in the
mitochondria?
– Increases surface area, thus increasing efficiency
of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway by
increasing room for ATP Synthase.