* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download From Republic to Empire - MPHS
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia wikipedia , lookup
Julius Caesar (play) wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Roman emperor wikipedia , lookup
Rome (TV series) wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican currency wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Senatus consultum ultimum wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Treaties between Rome and Carthage wikipedia , lookup
Constitution of the Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
History of the Constitution of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE 1. The Republic Expands Military a. All men age 17-46, with a minimum amount of property were required to serve during times of war Organized into units called Legions i. ii. 1. Commanders called Centurions a. iii. Officers who command 100 men Highly disciplined and well trained b. The Punic Wars Series of 3 wars that lasted over 80 years 1st Punic War i. ii. 1. 2. Mostly a naval war Carthage will have the upper hand initially but Rome will come back and defeat Carthage ii. 2nd Punic War 1. Hannibal a. b. Carthage general who led an army and war elephants across the Pyrenees and the Alps and invaded Italy Dominated the country side 2. Publius Cornelius Scipio a. b. c. Led Roman army to Carthage Attacked the city Forced Hannibal to return to Carthage 3. Plain of Zama a. b. Both Carthage and Roman forces met there Scipio was able to defeat Hannibal and his troops 4. Rome will strip Carthage of its navy and land held in Spain 5. Did not destroy the city iv. 3rd Punic War 1. 2. Carthage begins to build ships again Rome declares war on Carthage a. b. Laid siege to the city for 3 years Enslaved its citizens and completely destroyed the city 2. Problems in the Late Republic Social Unrest a. i. Gracchi Brothers 1. 2. 3. 4. Tiberius and Gaius Tried to help soldiers by redistributing public land to small farmers Angered the wealthy elite Senate urged a mob to kill the brothers b. Military in Politics Gaius Marius i. 1. 2. 3. Elected to the office of Consul Eliminated property restrictions and began to accept anyone who wanted to join the army Armies would become loyal to a general; became a tool for political power ii. Civil War 1. Lucius Cornelius Sulla a. b. Marius and supporters tried to prevent Sulla from taking military command Led to a civil war c. Sulla was victorious and became a dictator i. ii. iii. Executed those who opposed him Carried out reforms aimed at protecting the power of the Senate Voluntarily retired 3. Rome Becomes an Empire The First Triumvirate (rule of 3 men) a. Made up of 3 men i. 1. 2. 3. Julius Caesar, Gnaius Pompey and Licinius Crassus Caesar and Pomepy were both successful military leaders Took over the Republic in 60 B.C. Julius Caesar Gnaius Pompey ii. Civil War 1. 2. Caesar and Pompey faced off in battle Caesar defeats Pompey and takes full control of the Republic iii. Caesar 1. 2. Will be made Dictator for Life Reforms a. b. 3. Gave citizenship to the providences Gave public lands to the veterans Assassinated by a group of Senators on March 15, 44 B.C. also known as the Ides of March b. The Second Triumvirate Composed of: Octavian (Caesar’s son and heir), Marc Antony (a loyal officer) and Lepidus (a high priest) Octavian and Antony divided the empire in half i. ii. 1. 2. Octavian took the West Antony took the East Octavian Marc Antony iii. Civil War 1. 2. 3. Antony and Cleopatra wanted to Expand Octavian defeats them at a naval battle of Actium in 31 B.C. Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves iv. Octavian is left with sole power c. Octavian i. ii. iii. iv. Called himself “princeps” or first citizen to avoid the title of emperor Senate gave him the title Augustus or “revered one” Head of State for 40 years Divided rule between himself and the Senate d. Augustan Age Foreign Affairs i. 1. 2. Tried to bring peace to the West in Gaul and Spain Tried to push Rome’s borders to the Danube River ii. Rome 1. 2. 3. Created a police force and fire brigade Began Building programs Moral and religious reform iii. Augustus died in 14 A.D. 4. Julio-Claudians Relatives of Julius Caesar ruled for 54 years after Augustus died Emperors a. b. Tiberius i. 1. A good soldier and competent administration ii. Caligula 1. Brutal and mentally unstable iii. Nero 1. 2. 3. 4. Last of the Julio-Claudian Emperors Burned down Rome Killed his mother Committed suicide in 68 A.D. Nero Caligula 5. The Good Emperors Started in 96 A.D. 5 emperors who governed for almost a century Almost all were outside of Rome Grew the empire Trajan a. b. c. d. e. i. Height of expansion occurred under him f. Hadrian Succeeded Trajan Believed Rome was too large i. ii. 1. 2. Built fortifications on the frontiers to protect against invasion Built walls in Northern Britain (73 miles long) Hadrian Hadrian’s Wall 6. The Pax Romana Period of peace from 27 B.C. to 180 A.D. Called Pax Romana or Roman Peace Essential traits a. b. c. i. ii. iii. iv. Stable government Strong legal system Widespread trade Peace