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From Republic to Empire City on Seven Hills • Latin's • Settled along the Tiber River Romans • Shared peninsula with the Etruscans Romans • Shared peninsula with the Etruscans • Romans learned – Alphabet Romans • Shared peninsula with the Etruscans • Romans learned – Alphabet – Arch construction Romans • Shared peninsula with the Etruscans • Romans learned – Alphabet – Arch construction – Gods and Goddesses Roman - Latins Romans conquer – • 509 BC - Latins drive out the Etruscans • Greek City States Roman - Latins Romans conquer – • 509 BC - Latins drive out the Etruscans • Greek City States Success due to • Diplomacy • Roman Legion – 5000 man units – Loyalty, courage, respect for authority Res Publica - Republic Senate – most powerful legislators • 300 members all Patricians • Landowning upper class (Aristocrats) Res Publica - Republic Senate • 300 members all Patricians • Landowning upper class Consuls – • elected by Senate • Supervise business, government, and armies Res Publica - Republic Tribunes • Represent the Plebeians • Farmers,merchants, and traders • Right to VETO Res Publica - Republic Dictator Elected in time of war Punic Wars Rome vs Carthage Early Phoenician Colony Punic Wars Rome vs Carthage Early Phoenician Colony • Rome fought for Empire (Imperialism) Punic Wars Rome vs Carthage Early Phoenician Colony • Rome fought for Empire (Imperialism) • Carthage fought for self-preservation (They had empire of their own) Carthage North Africa Punic War General Hannibal • Attacks Rome from North • Elephants Carthage North Africa Punic War General Hannibal • • • • Attacks Rome from North Elephants Returns to protect Carthage Defeated on open plains Romans Destroyed Carthage. poured salt on all of farm land to never let Carthage return. Roman law let you live… But, if you went against them… Mare Nostrum “Our Sea” Roman Republic Declines Julius Caesar Military General • Led army nine years in Gaul Julius Caesar Military General • Led army nine years in Gaul • Pompey convinced Senate to call him home Julius Caesar Military General • Led army nine years in Gaul • Pompey convinced Senate to call him home • He came home – Took over the Senate Julius Caesar Military General • Reorganized a corrupt Senate • Allowed more people Citizenship Julius Caesar Military General • Reorganized a corrupt Senate • Allowed more people Citizenship Veni, Vedi, Vici I came, I saw, I conquered Re-established Mediterranean …and Married Egyptian Queen, Cleopatra. Julius Caesar Military General • Assassinated on Senate Floor • Fear of him naming himself Emperor – or Caesar Octavian and Mark Antony Octavian – Caesar’s grandnephew Mark Antony – general joined together to hunt down the murderers Cleopatra VII • After Caesar assassinated • Marries Mark Antony - Illegal in Rome Octavian and Mark Antony Go to War over control of Roman Empire used Cleopatra’s and Antony’s relationship as a political tool Battle of Actium Octavian defeats Antony • takes supreme rule of Rome • names himself Emperor, turning Rome into an Empire • one of the most influential empires the world has known Octavian soon becomes Augustus or “Exalted One” Pax Romana Roman Peace 200 year Period Augustus to Marcus Aurelius Entertainment – Chariot Races – Gladiator Contests • Many gladiators were slaves trained to fight – Emperor Nero ….Let the Christians fight the lions
