Download Chapter 6: Biochemistry

Chapter 2: Biochemistry
Part 2: Organic Molecules
1. Organic molecules

A. contain many carbon atoms
 B. they are polymers (long chains of small
molecules)
 C. condensation reactions make monomers into
polymers
Monomer (small)
Polymer (long chain of monomers)
monosaccharide (simple sugar)
polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate)
glycerol, fatty acid
fat (a lipid)
amino acid
protein
nucleotide
nucleic acid
2. Carbohydrates
 a.
sugars and starches
 b. used for energy (short term and long
term)
 c. ex. glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch,
cellulose
Monomers
Monosaccharides combine in
condensation reactions to form
Disaccharides
Starches are polysaccharides used
to store energy in plants.
Amylose starch
Mammals store food in the liver in
the form of glycogen
Cellulose provides strength for
plant cells
3. Proteins
 a.
used for structure, enzymes, cell
identification.
 b. long chains of amino acids
 c. ex. hemoglobin (blood), collagen (skin),
amylase (digestion), keratin (hair), myosin
(muscles)
Amino acids are the monomers of
proteins
Glycine
R= H
Alanine
R= CH3
Serine
Cysteine
R= H2COH
R= SH-CH2
Amino acids join to form protiens
Enzymes are proteins that assist in
metabolic reactions
4. Lipids
 a.
fats and oils
 b. used for energy storage, lubrication,
insulation, building cell membranes
 c. ex. butter, oils, lard
Unsaturated fats are more likely to react and break
apart.
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
Saturated fats are less likely to react, staying stay large;
therefore, they are less healthy.
5. Nucleic Acids
 a.
store information for the cell
 b. made of chains of nucleotides
 c. ex. DNA, RNA
Homework
 Copy
the following pictures into your
notes:




Figure 2-13
Figure 2-14
Figure 2-15
Figure 2-16
No, I don’t know what pages they are on;
however, I DO know they are in chapter 2.
Homework
 Read
pages 161-167
 Copy the 4 molecules into your notes
(lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid)
 Read
p. 166 about how enzymes work
 Do question 5 on p. 167
If blue = amino acids,
it’s___________
If purple = nucleotides,
it’s___________
If pink = sugars,
it’s________________
If brown = glycerol,
it’s_____________
And white must be ______