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14.2 The Six Kingdoms C. The Six Kingdoms of Organisms Three main characteristics that distinguish the members of each kingdom a. Cellular type (complex or simple) b. Their ability to make food c. The number of cells in their body SIX KINGDOMS ARCHAEBACTERIA (Prokaryotes) EUBACTERIA (Prokaryotes) FUNGI (Eukaryotes) PLANTS (Eukaryotes) ANIMALS (Eukaryotes) PROTISTS (Eukaryotes) Prokaryotic Kingdoms Prokaryotes - organisms with cells that lack a nuclei bounded by a membrane Originally the two bacteria were grouped together in one kingdom called Monera. Now they are separated into two kingdoms: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria A. Prokaryotic 1. Unicellular 2. Chemotrophic, Autotrophic or Heterotrophic B. Found in extreme environments 1. Swamps, deep-ocean hydrothermal vents 2. Oxygen free environments C. Has Cell Walls Examples: halobacterium, methanogens and thermoacidophiles Kingdom Eubacteria A. Prokaryotic 1. Unicellular 2. Autotrophic or Heterotrophic B. Most species of bacteria are in this kingdom since they Live in most environments C. Has Cell Walls D. Some cause diseases Ex: Strep throat and pneumonia E. Most are harmless and many may be helpful (Streptococcus pneumoniae) Kingdom Fungi A. Eukaryotic 1. Most are multicellular, some are unicellular 2. External heterotrophs; decomposers 3. Has Cell Walls made of Chitin 4. Examples: Mushrooms Mold Mildew Kingdom Plantae A. Eukaryotic 1. All multicellular 2. Autotrophs and photosynthetic (Use of chlorophyll for solar-energy transformation) 3. No species can move from place to place. B. Second largest kingdom C. Has Cell Walls made of Cellulose Examples : mosses, giant trees, angiosperms, ferns Kingdom Animalia A. Eukaryotic 1. Multicellular with complex cells 2. Heterotrophs with specialized organ systems 3. NO CELL WALLS B. Largest kingdom C. Nearly all are able to move from place to place. Examples: vertebrates, invertebrates Kingdom Protista A. Eukaryotic 1. Most are unicellular, some are multicellular with cilia and flagella 2. Lacks complex organ systems 3. Autotrophic and/or Heterotrophic 4. Has cell walls B. Lives in moist environments (pond water) C. Members are very different from one another Examples: 1. plantlike (algae) 2. animal-like (protozoa) 3. fungus-like (slime molds) Which of the following describes a fungus? A. autotrophic prokaryote B. unicellular or multicellular heterotroph C. unicellular autotroph D. heterotrophic prokaryote Six Kingdoms Summary Kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria contain only unicellular prokaryotes. Kingdom Fungi includes heterotrophic eukaryotes that absorb their nutrients. Kingdom Plantae includes multicellular eukaryotes that are photosynthetic. Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cells that lack cell walls. Kingdom Protista contains eukaryotes that lack complex organ systems.