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Classification of Matter Physical Science Four classes of matter The four classes of matter are elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions Homogeneous matter Appears to look similar throughout Ex: salt, sugar, whipped cream all parts are alike (appearance) Question What does the prefix “homo” mean? Name the four classes of matter. What are the four phases of matter? Question Milk in most stores is homogenized. What do you think this means? Heterogeneous matter Matter that has different properties Ex: soil, cereal with raisins, concrete Question How is homogeneous matter different from heterogeneous matter? Question Why is it better to classify matter according to make-up rather than phase? Think! What is a mixture? A combination of substances Two or more substances that are not chemically combined Properties of mixtures The substances in a mixture keep their separate identities (properties) Ex: salt/pepper, sugar/water Separating mixtures The substances in a mixture can be separated by simple physical means Evaporation and filtration are used to separate mixtures Types of mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are the “least mixed” of all mixtures The different particles in mixtures are large enough to be seen Homogeneous mixtures Homogenous mixtures are “well mixed” Particles are small and not easily recognized Question What are two ways mixtures can be separated? Solutions A solution is a mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another, “best mixed” Properties of a solution Particles are not large enough to be seen Evenly spread particles Particles cannot be separated by simple physical means Alloys (video) Solutions of metals are alloys Ex: gold jewelry, brass, sterling silver, stainless steel Questions Describe an alloy. What are two properties of a solution? Pure substances Homogeneous matter is also known as a pure substance Properties: one kind of material with the same properties Elements Simplest types pure substances Made of only one type of atom Cannot be broken down by chemical processes or heating What is an atom? The smallest particle of an element that has the same properties of the element is the atom Chemical symbols A short way of representing elements Consists of one or two letters An abbreviation for an element Question What are two properties of elements? What is an atom? Compounds Pure substances made of more than one element is a compound Ex: carbon dioxide, ammonia, sugar Molecules Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded Smallest part of a compound that has the same properties of that compound Separating compounds Compounds are made of molecules Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by heating and electricity Questions How is a molecule different from an atom? How is a compound different from an element? Chemical formulas Combinations of chemical symbols are chemical formulas (C3H7OH) (NH3) Subscript A subscript is placed to the lower right of the chemical symbol It gives the number of atoms of the element Questions How is chemical symbol different from a chemical formula? Chemical equations A description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas is a chemical equation Coefficient The number used to balance a chemical equation (coefficient) “Balanced” means the same number of reactants and products Questions How is a subscript different from a coefficient? Chemical reactions Reactants are the substances that enter a chemical reaction Products are the substances formed by a chemical reaction Chemical equations 2H2+O2 (reactants) 2H2O The arrow means yields (makes) C + O2 CO2 (products) Reactants (yield) products Questions What does the arrow mean in a chemical equation? What is a chemical equation? Questions What is another name for a chemical reaction? On what side of a chemical reaction would you find the reactants? Products?