Download Energy and Matter Notes

Energy & Matter
Name ___________________________
2.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Period_______Date ________________
1. Energy (2.1)
A. Energy: The capacity to do ____________ or produce ______________.
1. 7 types of energy:
2. Kinetic Energy: Energy of _______________ Ex.
3. Potential Energy: _______________Energy; Determined by ___________________.
Ex.
4. Energy can be __________________ from a system to its surroundings. Ex)
5. Energy absorbing changes are called ___________________. If energy is released the change is
called ________________________.
B. Measuring Energy:
1. Common Unit: _____________ The amount of _________needed to raise ____g of water ___oC.
(One calorie = 1g°C)
2. SI Unit for energy: _____________(J)
C. Law of Conservation of Energy (2.1): Energy is neither _________________ nor _______________,
it just changes ______________.
D. Temperature (2.1):
1. Energy can be transferred in the form of _______________.
2. Temperature is a measurement of heat or _________________ _______________.
3.Common Temperatures:
Farenheit (F)
Celsius (°C)
Kelvin (K)
Background Information
Boiling Point of Water
Body Temperature
Room Temperature
Freezing Point of Water
Absolute Zero
1
°F
C
K
Boiling point of Water
Body Temperature
Room Temperature
Freezing Point of water
°C = K
4. Kelvin:
K = C + 273
C = K – 273
5. The zero point on the Kelvin scale is called __________________ _____________. (-273°C)
6. All motion of particles ______________! Therefore the __________________ energy is zero.
2. Matter (1.2):
A. Matter is anything that has _____________ and takes up __________________.
1. Volume: Amount of _________________ an object takes up.
2. Mass: Quantity of _________________ in a substance. ________________ everywhere.
3. Weight: Force produced by _________________ acting on a mass. This is ____________
In different locations.
B. Properties of Matter (1.2):
1. Physical:
2. Chemical:
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C. States of Matter (1.1):
State
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
Volume
Movement
Structure
D. Kinetic Theory of Matter (2.1)
1. ________________ possess the greatest amount of kinetic energy.
2. Two factors that determine the state of matter of a substance: _______________________
and the ___________________________________.
3. These two factors contribute to the ___________________ between the particles.
4. Substances _____________ _______________ when they overcome these attractions.
5. The overall _______________ ______________ (temperature) will remain constant until the
entire substance has completely changed phase.
6. Heating/Cooling Curve for water:
Heat Energy →
E. Changes in Matter (2.1):
1. Physical Changes:
a. Do NOT change the ___________________ of the substance.
b. Often change what the __________________ looks like.
c. Examples:
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2. Chemical Changes:
a. Alter the ______________________ of the substance.
b. The new substance has _______________ ______________ than the original substance.
c. Examples of Chemical Changes:
d. Signs that a chemical change has occurred:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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F. Law of Conservation of Matter (2.2): Matter is neither _________________ or ______________
it just changes ________________.
G. Classification of Matter (1.3)
1. Pure substances: Substances that have a _________________ set of ___________________
and ___________________ properties.
a. Elements: The smallest part of an element is an _______________.
1. Cannot be separated into ___________________ ___________________.
2. Represented by _______________ that have ____ or _____ letters.
3. Examples:
Atomic Number:
1
H
H
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
1.008
1.008
Element Symbol:
Element Name
Atomic Mass:
b. Compounds
1. Made up of _____ or more kinds of atoms _________________ combined in a
fixed proportion.
2. Represented by ______________________.
3. Examples:
2. Mixtures:
a. Heterogeneous Mixture: Visibly _____________________ throughout.
Ex)
b. Homogeneous Mixture: The ________________ throughout.
Ex)
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H. Separating Mixtures (1.3):
1. Heterogeneous Mixtures can be separated by:
a. Filtration- Material remaining on the filter
paper is called the _________________________.
The ____________________ goes
through the filter paper.
2. Homogeneous Mixtures:
a. Distillation- separates ________________ (and 1 solid) by differences in __________________
___________________. The remaining material is called the ____________________.
The material that goes through is called the ______________________.
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b. Crystallization- ______________________ the
liquid and the solid will ___________________.
Ex)
c. Chromatography- Used ______________________
pigments and ink by differences in
_______________________ on a
strip of paper.
Ex)
3. Compounds:
a. Electrolysis- decomposes a compound into its _____________________.
Ex)
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