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PowerPoint® Clicker Questions prepared by Heather Williamson Jordan, Ph.D., University of Tennessee, Knoxville 7 CHAPTER Microbial Genetics © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What term is defined as the entire genetic complement of an organism? a) b) c) d) genome chromosome gene plasmid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What term is defined as the entire genetic complement of an organism? a) b) c) d) genome chromosome gene plasmid © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which statement regarding prokaryotic chromosomes is incorrect? a) There are two copies of the chromosome so that cells are diploid. b) There is a single copy of the chromosome so that cells are haploid. c) Prokaryotic chromosomes are located in the nucleoid. d) Prokaryotic chromosomes are now known to be circular or linear. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which statement regarding prokaryotic chromosomes is incorrect? a) There are two copies of the chromosome so that cells are diploid. b) There is a single copy of the chromosome so that cells are haploid. c) Prokaryotic chromosomes are located in the nucleoid. d) Prokaryotic chromosomes are now known to be circular or linear. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is NOT a characteristic of plasmids? a) b) c) d) They replicate independently. They are circular in structure. They carry genes that are required for transcription. Their size ranges from a few thousand base pairs to a few million base pairs. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is NOT a characteristic of plasmids? a) They replicate independently. b) They are circular in structure. c) They carry genes that are required for transcription. d) Their size ranges from a few thousand base pairs to a few million base pairs. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which statement is TRUE regarding the genetic material of eukaryotic cells? a) Eukaryotic cells typically have only one copy of each chromosome. b) Chromosomes are sequestered within a nucleus. c) Chromosomes float freely in the cytosol. d) Eukaryotic cells contain no genetic material outside of their chromosomes. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which statement is TRUE regarding the genetic material of eukaryotic cells? a) Eukaryotic cells typically have only one copy of each chromosome. b) Chromosomes are sequestered within a nucleus. c) Chromosomes float freely in the cytosol. d) Eukaryotic cells contain no genetic material outside of their chromosomes. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which eukaryotic organelle contains its own DNA that resembles prokaryotic DNA? a) b) c) d) nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion ribosome © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which eukaryotic organelle contains its own DNA that resembles prokaryotic DNA? a) b) c) d) nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion ribosome © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. DNA is composed of each of the following nitrogenous bases except ________. a) b) c) d) uracil cytosine guanine thymine © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. DNA is composed of each of the following nitrogenous bases except ________. a) b) c) d) uracil cytosine guanine thymine © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following enzymes adds a short RNA primer to begin the replication of DNA? a) b) c) d) gyrase primase helicase ligase © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following enzymes adds a short RNA primer to begin the replication of DNA? a) b) c) d) gyrase primase helicase ligase © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Synthesis of both the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication occurs in which direction? a) b) c) d) 5' to 3' 3' to 5' toward the replication fork away from the replication fork © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Synthesis of both the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication occurs in which direction? a) b) c) d) 5' to 3' 3' to 5' toward the replication fork away from the replication fork © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The DNA fragments that constitute the lagging strand during DNA replication are called ________. a) b) c) d) primers ligation fragments Okazaki fragments primase fragments © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The DNA fragments that constitute the lagging strand during DNA replication are called ________. a) b) c) d) primers ligation fragments Okazaki fragments primase fragments © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is NOT a reason for the addition of methyl groups to bases within bacterial DNA? a) b) c) d) repair of DNA protection against viral infection control of genetic expression identification of the leading strand during DNA synthesis © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is NOT a reason for the addition of methyl groups to bases within bacterial DNA? a) b) c) d) repair of DNA protection against viral infection control of genetic expression identification of the leading strand during DNA synthesis © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What determines the genotype of a cell? a) b) c) d) its proteins its RNA its DNA its ribozymes © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What determines the genotype of a cell? a) b) c) d) its proteins its RNA its DNA its ribozymes © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What term best describes the process of copying DNA to RNA? a) b) c) d) replication transcription translation initiation © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What term best describes the process of copying DNA to RNA? a) b) c) d) replication transcription translation initiation © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which structure within a cell translates mRNA molecules into polypeptides? a) b) c) d) chromosome nucleus periplasm ribosome © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which structure within a cell translates mRNA molecules into polypeptides? a) b) c) d) chromosome nucleus periplasm ribosome © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Within an inducible operon, transcription is activated by the presence of what? a) b) c) d) the inducer the operator the repressor the activator © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Within an inducible operon, transcription is activated by the presence of what? a) b) c) d) the inducer the operator the repressor the activator © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. When glucose is not available, Escherichia coli synthesizes ________, which leads to the activation of the lac operon. a) b) c) d) lactose ATP cyclic AMP the catabolic activator protein © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. When glucose is not available, Escherichia coli synthesizes ________, which leads to the activation of the lac operon. a) b) c) d) lactose ATP cyclic AMP the catabolic activator protein © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which type of mutation leads to a different amino acid in a protein? a) b) c) d) missense mutation point mutation silent mutation reverse mutation © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which type of mutation leads to a different amino acid in a protein? a) b) c) d) missense mutation point mutation silent mutation reverse mutation © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What event causes a nonsense mutation? a) A purine base is substituted for a pyrimidine base. b) Multiple base pairs are substituted. c) A base pair is substituted without changing the amino acid sequence. d) An amino acid codon is changed into a stop codon. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What event causes a nonsense mutation? a) A purine base is substituted for a pyrimidine base. b) Multiple base pairs are substituted. c) A base pair is substituted without changing the amino acid sequence. d) An amino acid codon is changed into a stop codon. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How does ultraviolet light affect DNA? a) b) c) d) It causes formation of pyrimidine dimers. It creates nucleotide analogs. It converts guanine into thymine. It causes frameshifts. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How does ultraviolet light affect DNA? a) b) c) d) It causes formation of pyrimidine dimers. It creates nucleotide analogs. It converts guanine into thymine. It causes frameshifts. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is NOT a way that cells can repair DNA damage due to exposure to UV light? a) light repair b) destruction of damaged DNA and creation of new, undamaged DNA c) the enzyme photolyase d) dark repair © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which is NOT a way that cells can repair DNA damage due to exposure to UV light? a) light repair b) destruction of damaged DNA and creation of new, undamaged DNA c) the enzyme photolyase d) dark repair © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. A selection technique in which only bacteria containing a particular mutation will grow in culture is referred to as ________. a) b) c) d) mutant selection positive selection negative selection natural selection © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. A selection technique in which only bacteria containing a particular mutation will grow in culture is referred to as ________. a) b) c) d) mutant selection positive selection negative selection natural selection © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following describes the transfer of genetic information within the same generation? a) b) c) d) horizontal transmission vertical transmission DNA transmission homologous recombination © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following describes the transfer of genetic information within the same generation? a) b) c) d) horizontal transmission vertical transmission DNA transmission homologous recombination © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of horizontal gene transfer is mediated by a structure called a pilus? a) b) c) d) conjugation transduction transformation recombination © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of horizontal gene transfer is mediated by a structure called a pilus? a) b) c) d) conjugation transduction transformation recombination © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the end result of Hfr bacterial conjugation? a) The recipient cell gains the ability to make a conjugation pilus. b) The recipient cell receives donor DNA. c) The recipient cell receives a portion of the donor's F plasmid and becomes F+. d) The recipient cell receives a portion of the donor's F plasmid and DNA but stays F-. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the end result of Hfr bacterial conjugation? a) The recipient cell gains the ability to make a conjugation pilus. b) The recipient cell receives donor DNA. c) The recipient cell receives a portion of the donor's F plasmid and becomes F+. d) The recipient cell receives a portion of the donor's F plasmid and DNA but stays F-. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How can scientists make bacterial cells competent? a) manipulating the temperature and salt content of the medium b) They cannot be made competent by artificial means. c) exposure to UV light d) exposure to antibiotics © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How can scientists make bacterial cells competent? a) manipulating the temperature and salt content of the medium b) They cannot be made competent by artificial means. c) exposure to UV light d) exposure to antibiotics © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of horizontal transfer involves the transfer of DNA via a virus? a) b) c) d) transposition conjugation transformation transduction © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What type of horizontal transfer involves the transfer of DNA via a virus? a) b) c) d) transposition conjugation transformation transduction © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrate through their experiments in 1944? a) b) c) d) Plasmids are present in bacteria. DNA is the genetic material of cells. Smooth colonies make capsules. Bacteria can be infected by viruses. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty demonstrate through their experiments in 1944? a) b) c) d) Plasmids are present in bacteria. DNA is the genetic material of cells. Smooth colonies make capsules. Bacteria can be infected by viruses. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
