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1. Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and
that birds will chirp. This best illustrates:
A) the law of effect.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) respondent behavior.
D) the overjustification effect.
E) associative learning.
2. Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly
brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n):
A) primary reinforcer.
B) unconditional stimulus.
C) immediate reinforcer.
D) conditioned stimulus.
3. Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a(n):
A) UCR.
B) UCS.
C) CR.
D) CS.
4. Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) ________ comes after a(n) _____.
A) CS; UCS
B) UCR; CS
C) secondary reinforcer; operant behavior
D) negative reinforcer; operant behavior
5. Long after her conditioned fear of spiders had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an
unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new pet tarantula. Her
unexpected nervousness best illustrates:
A) latent learning.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) delayed reinforcement.
D) the overjustification effect.
E) shaping.
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6. A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Matthew Birnie still responded
with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction
best illustrates:
A) an unconditioned response.
B) operant conditioning.
C) latent learning.
D) generalization.
E) extinction.
7. The predictability of an association between a CS and a UCS facilitates an organism's
ability to anticipate the occurrence of the UCS. This fact is most likely to be highlighted
by a(n) ________ perspective.
A) evolutionary
B) behaviorist
C) cognitive
D) neuroscience
8. The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by:
A) Pavlov's studies of conditioned salivation.
B) Garcia and Koelling's research on taste aversion.
C) Skinner's experiments on reinforcement.
D) Bandura's studies of observational learning.
E) Watson and Raynor's findings on fear conditioning.
9. In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise
for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and
finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as:
A) generalization.
B) partial reinforcement.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) secondary reinforcement.
E) shaping.
10. If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work
to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer.
A) partial
B) primary
C) negative
D) conditioned
E) delayed
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11. Amos plays the slot machine for hours at a time. The monetary winnings dispensed to
him by the machine provide an example of ________ reinforcement.
A) negative
B) primary
C) delayed
D) partial
12. Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every
25,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
A) fixed-interval
B) variable-interval
C) fixed-ratio
D) variable-ratio
13. Because she has oversight responsibility for the servicing and repair of her company's
fleet of cars, Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on
various cars has been completed. She is likely to be reinforced with positive responses
to her inquiries on a ________ schedule.
A) fixed-interval
B) variable-interval
C) fixed-ratio
D) variable-ratio
14. The overjustification effect involves the loss of:
A) continuous reinforcement.
B) primary reinforcers.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) intrinsic motivation.
E) immediate reinforcers.
15. If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first
chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates:
A) operant conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) respondent behavior.
D) spontaneous recovery.
E) classical conditioning.
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Answer Key
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