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Transcript
Chap 2 Section 3 Carbon Compounds: The Chemistry of Carbon Organic Chemistry : the study of all compounds that ___________________ between_________________________. Macromolecules: formed by a process known as __________________________. Monomers: ________________that can join together with other small units to form Polymers __________________formed from combinations of ___________________ Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: __________________________ _________________ __________ ____________________ ___________________ What is the function of carbohydrates? _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Carbohydrates: compounds made up of ___________________________________atoms, usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 Example ____________________: C6H12O6 Monosaccharides :_________________________: glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose and ribose – it’s in RNA! Disaccharides: ______________________ Sucrose = 1 glucose and 1 fructose “stuck together” Polysaccharides _______________________ Starch: basically many glucose stuck together O Starches and sugars carbohydrates that are used by living things as a____________________________. Examples: ___________________ __________________ ____________________ Animals store excess sugar as glycogen, or_____________________________. Plants use_______________________, to store excess sugar. And make another important polysaccharide called cellulose. Tough, flexible cellulose fibers give plants much of their _____________________________. Lipids 2 layers of lipids = _____________cell membrane Lipids: are generally ______________________________Common categories of lipids are: _________________ _____________ _________________ ___________________ Lipids can be used to______________________. Some lipids are important parts of biological ____________________and ______________________ coverings. Nucleic Acids: ______________________assembled from individual ________________________known as ______________________. Nucleotides consist of three parts: 1_________________ 2________________ 3_______________ Nucleic acids store and transmit________________________________, information. ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Proteins are macromolecules that contain _______________________________________ _________________________________________. – polymers of molecules called__________________________. The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are _____________________________ Some functions of proteins: 1. Control rate of reactions ___________________________ 2. Used to form ____________________________________ 3. Transport substances into or out of ________________ 4. Help to fight disease - __________________________ 1. Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as ______________________ 2. Many lipids are formed from glycerol and _________________________________ 3. Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because 4. Which of the following statements about cellulose is true: 5. A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that Chap 2 Section 3 Carbon Compounds: The Chemistry of Carbon Organic Chemistry : the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Macromolecules: formed by a process known as polymerization. Monomers: small units that can join together with other small units to form Polymers large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids proteins What is the function of carbohydrates? Source of Energy Structure Carbohydrates: compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 Example Glucose: C6H12O6 Monosaccharides “one” sugar: glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose and ribose – it’s in RNA! Disaccharides: “two” sugar Sucrose = basically 2 glucose stuck together Polysaccharides “many” sugar Starch: basically many glucose stuck together Starches and sugars carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Examples: Cellulose Starch Glycogen Animals store excess sugar as glycogen, or animal starch. Plants use plant starch, to store excess sugar. And make another important polysaccharide called cellulose. Tough, flexible cellulose fibers give plants much of their strength and rigidity Lipids Two layers of lipids = bilipid cell membrane Lipids: are generally not soluble in water. Common categories of lipids are: fats waxes oils steroids Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Nucleic Acids: polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of three parts: 5-carbon sugar phosphate group nitrogenous base Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. – polymers of molecules called amino acids. Proteins The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA Some functions of proteins: Control rate of reactions – Enzymes Transport substances into or out of cells Used to form bones and muscles Help to fight disease - antibodies