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Chap 2 Section 3 Carbon Compounds: The Chemistry of Carbon
Organic Chemistry : the study of all compounds that ___________________
between_________________________.
Macromolecules: formed by a process known as __________________________.
Monomers: ________________that can join together with other small units to form 
Polymers __________________formed from combinations of ___________________
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
 __________________________
 _________________ __________
 ____________________
 ___________________
What is the function of carbohydrates?
 _____________________________________
 ______________________________________
Carbohydrates: compounds made up of ___________________________________atoms,
usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 Example ____________________: C6H12O6
Monosaccharides :_________________________: glucose, fructose, galactose,
xylose and ribose – it’s in RNA!
Disaccharides: ______________________
Sucrose = 1 glucose and 1 fructose “stuck together”
Polysaccharides _______________________
Starch: basically many glucose stuck together
O
Starches and sugars
carbohydrates that are used by living things as a____________________________.
Examples: ___________________ __________________ ____________________
Animals store excess sugar as glycogen, or_____________________________.
Plants use_______________________, to store excess sugar. And make another
important polysaccharide called cellulose. Tough, flexible cellulose fibers give plants much
of their _____________________________.
Lipids
2
layers of lipids = _____________cell membrane
Lipids: are generally ______________________________Common categories of lipids are:
 _________________
 _____________
 _________________
 ___________________
Lipids can be used to______________________. Some lipids are important parts of
biological ____________________and ______________________ coverings.
Nucleic Acids: ______________________assembled from individual
________________________known as ______________________.
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
1_________________ 2________________ 3_______________
Nucleic acids store and transmit________________________________,
information.
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Proteins are macromolecules that contain
_______________________________________
_________________________________________.
– polymers of molecules called__________________________.
The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins
are _____________________________
Some functions of proteins:
1. Control rate of reactions ___________________________
2. Used to form ____________________________________
3. Transport substances into or out of ________________
4. Help to fight disease - __________________________
1. Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as ______________________
2. Many lipids are formed from glycerol and _________________________________
3. Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because
4. Which of the following statements about cellulose is true:
5. A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that
Chap 2 Section 3 Carbon Compounds: The Chemistry of Carbon
Organic Chemistry : the study of all compounds that contain bonds between
carbon atoms.
Macromolecules: formed by a process known as polymerization.
Monomers: small units that can join together with other small units to form 
Polymers large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
 carbohydrates
 nucleic acids
 lipids
 proteins
What is the function of carbohydrates?
 Source of Energy
 Structure
Carbohydrates: compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a
ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 Example Glucose: C6H12O6
Monosaccharides “one” sugar: glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose and ribose – it’s in
RNA!
Disaccharides: “two” sugar
Sucrose = basically 2 glucose stuck together 
Polysaccharides “many” sugar

Starch: basically many glucose stuck together
Starches and sugars carbohydrates that are used by living
things as a source of energy.
Examples: Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Animals store excess sugar as glycogen, or animal starch.
Plants use plant starch, to store excess sugar. And make another important
polysaccharide called cellulose. Tough, flexible cellulose fibers give plants much of their
strength and rigidity
Lipids Two layers of lipids = bilipid cell membrane
Lipids: are
generally not soluble in water.
Common categories of lipids are:
 fats
 waxes
 oils
 steroids
Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological
membranes and waterproof coverings.
Nucleic Acids: polymers assembled from individual monomers
known as nucleotides.
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
5-carbon sugar phosphate group nitrogenous base
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
– polymers of molecules called amino acids.
Proteins
The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins
are stored in DNA
Some functions of proteins:
Control rate of reactions – Enzymes
Transport substances into or out of cells
Used to form bones and muscles
Help to fight disease - antibodies