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I want my class to know… • • • • I’m learning (just like you!) I make mistakes (just like you!) I’m here to help you I genuinely care about your personal growth and academic success Getting to know Ms. Muirhead: Two Truths and a Lie a) My favourite colour is purple b) I own a motorcycle c) I like to knit a) My favourite colour is purple b) I own a motorcycle c) I like to knit a) Skiing is one of my favourite hobbies b) I am an only child c) I am not from the lower mainland a) Skiing is one of my favourite hobbies b) I am an only child c) I am not from the lower mainland a) Both my parents are teachers b) I share my name with a Disney princess c) I am 28 years old a) Both my parents are teachers b) I share my name with a Disney princess c) I am 28 years old What is DNA? Where is DNA found? DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid This large molecule is present in the nucleus of all cells in all living organisms DNA controls: • All the chemical changes which take place in cells • The kind of cell which is formed • The kind of organisms which is produced DNA is a very large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units The sub-units are called nucleotides Each nucleotide is made up of: A deoxyribose sugar A phosphate group A nitrogenous base There are 4 types of bases: • • • • Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) The deoxyribose, the phosphate,and one of the bases combine to form a nucleotide phosphate PO4 base deoxyribose sugar PO4 PO4 A molecule of DNA is formed by millions of nucleotides joined together in a long chain. PO4 PO4 sugar-phosphate + bases backbone (Literally. There are 6 billion bases in the human genome.) DNA consists of a double strand of nucleotides The sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside and the strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases The two strands together twist to form a double helix PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 The bases always pair up in the same way Adenine forms a bond with Thymine Adenine Thymine and Cytosine bonds with Guanine Cytosine Guanine This is called complementary based pairing PO4 PO4 adenine thymine PO4 PO4 cytosine guanine PO4 PO4 PO4 PO4 14 THE DOUBLE HELIX bases sugar-phosphate chain Video: DNA Structure • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5 iS1f0 Check-In • Which is not a component of DNA? 1. 2. 3. 4. A nitrogenous base An organic acid A phosphate A sugar molecule What is a sub-unit of DNA called? 1. 2. 3. 4. Adenine Double helix Deoxyribose Nucleotide What are the correct pairings for nucleotides? 1. 2. 3. 4. Adenine-Guanine/Cytosine-Thymine Thymine-Guanine/Adenine-Cytosine Cytosine-Guanine/Adenine-Thymine Thymine-Thymine/GuanineGuanine/Adenine-Adenine/CytosineCytosine Which of these statements is true? 1. Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds 2. The sugar phosphate backbone is in the middle of a molecule of DNA 3. Three DNA strands make up a helix • DNA contains thousands of genes – Gene: a sequence of DNA that provides instructions to make a protein – Humans have ~23,000 genes – These proteins contribute to our chemical and physical traits (trait: characteristic) DNA and Heredity • We get half of our DNA from our mother and half of our DNA from our father • (How do we get this DNA?) • This new combination of genetic material makes us the unique individual we are! DNA’s Role in Evolution • DNA is the only thing that is passed from one generation to another • Traits that are passed from one generation to another are called heritable traits • The process of evolution is able to act on these heritable traits Video: DNA and Heredity • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXdzuz 5Q-hs We’re all a little bit closer than you think • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCio HPN_QqI