Download Roman Republic

Roman Republic

Lesson 2
CaesarUsed as a title and form of address for Roman emperors
ArchA structure, such as a freestanding monument, shaped
like an inverted U.
Incarnationa person who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or
abstract quality
Trinitythe unity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three persons in one
Godhead according to Christian dogma
Pillage-rob (a place) using violence, especially
in wartime.
Justinian Codelegal code of ancient Rome; basis for many current law
systems
Representativea person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another
or others, in particular.
2/9 Questions you can answer:
1. What type of government did the Romans setup
after regaining control from the Etruscans?
2. What is a republic?
3. Citizens over the age of ____ had the right to vote.
4. Who could not vote?
5. Draw the diagram
Roman

Society
PLEBIANS
PATRICIANS

6. All citizens were taught to have __________,
_____________ and _____________. This
defined the __________ ___________.
Government

The Etruscans created a monarchy while they ruled Rome. A
Monarchy is a government where one person has complete
power and the power is passed through the family. The
Tarquin family mistreated the Romans which led to the
rebellion.
Government

After regaining control of their country the
Romans set up a new form of government, a
Republic.
A republic is where government officials are
chosen to represent the people. The selection of
these representatives may be direct (elections) or
indirect (appointed).
Government

 Citizens over the age of 15 have the right to vote
 Elected representatives
 Representatives served in the Senate
Not citizens = foreigners, slaves (so not everyone could vote)
Women
 Could not vote
 Could own land and testify in court
 Some were a major part of the government
Citizens

Roman citizens divided into two groups
 Patricians
 Wealthiest, most powerful
 Upper-class
 10% of population
 Plebeians
 Common people
 All other people (farmers, soldiers, merchants)
 90% of population
Citizens

All citizens were taught to have courage, honor, &
loyalty
Taught to think & behave like the heroes in the
stories = this defined the Roman Spirit
2/10 Questions you can answer:
1. What was expected of Roman leaders?
2. The Roman republic was divided into ____ branches.
3. What did the government put in place to ensure no one branch had
too much power?
4. The first government was made up of what class of people?

5.
How many consuls were elected each year? What was their role in the
government?
6.
What could the consuls do if they did not agree with the other on a decision?
What does that mean?
5.
During an emergency what was allowed to happen?
6.
What was the plebeians’ response to not being allowed to hold a government
position?
7.
Who was appointed to protect plebeians rights?
Roman leaders
Expectations

Expected to be willing to
sacrifice their lives for Rome
Excellent soldiers
Loyal to homeland (Rome)
During peaceful times
Romans farmed but trained
for war
Republic

Divided into 3 branches
One branch made laws
One branch ran the daily affairs of
government
One branch acted as judges

They had a system of checks and balances in
place to prevent one branch from becoming too
strong.
Republic

1st government = important offices only held by
patricians
Each year, 2 patricians became consuls (official
who managed the army & government)
Both could stop each other if they did not agree with
a decision= VETO= “I FORBID!”
Emergencies = One consuls appointed as ruler
Dictator- someone who has total control over the
people
Republic

As Rome grew, plebeians grew
unhappy-spoke out against patricians
No police
No firefighters
Some patricians hired private armies
Tribunes

Patricians grew richer, Plebeians suffered and threatened to
stop working in the army
Senate appointed men to protect Plebeian rights
 Called Tribunes
 Shouted “VETO” (“I forbid”) if they did not agree
 Changed from 2 tribunes to 10
 Could make demands for plebeians
 Became powerful, some grew wealthy
CONSULS
SENATE
ASSEMBLY
*PATRICIANS
*PATRICIANS
*PLEBEIANS
• 2 Patricians
• Head of
government
• 1 year term
• Consuls chose
the Senators
• Ran the
government,
overseeing the
work of other
government
officials.

• 300 members
• Elected the 2
• Life term
Consuls
• Advised the
• Elected
consuls. Advised
government
the Assembly.
officials
• Directed
including judges.
spending,
• Voted on laws
including tax
suggested by
dollars
government
officials
CONSULS
SENATE
ASSEMBLY
• Directed the army
• Declared war or
• Approved or
• Acted as judges
• In an emergency,
disapproved laws peace
consuls could
made by the
choose a dictator as
Assembly
a single ruler to
• Made decisions
make quick
concerning
decisions.
relationships
• Both consuls had to
agree on their
with foreign
decisions. Each had
powers
the power to Veto
the other.

Daily Life

 Boys & some girls (wealthy) went to school
 Greek slaves were tutors
 Wrote lessons on wax tablets or sheets of papyrus
 Played with dolls, marbles, & other toys after school
 Meals
 Wealthy ate fish, birds, olive oil w/herbs, dates, & pork
 Poor ate wheat, barely, bread, olives, & meat scraps
 Dogs were typically pets
 People wore togas, women wore gold jewelry