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Download Comparison of Evolution Standards
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Comparison of Evolution Standards 2009 WA State 6-8 Standards 2009 WA State 9-11 Standards LS3A The scientific theory of evolution underlies the study of biology and explains both the diversity of life on Earth and similarities of all organisms at the chemical, cellular, and molecular level. Evolution is supported by multiple forms of scientific evidence. LS3B Every organism contains a set of genetic information (instructions) to specify its traits. This information is contained within genes in the chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. IB Biology Guidelines LS3A Biological evolution is due to: (1) genetic variability of offspring due to mutations and genetic recombination, (2) the potential for a species to increase its numbers, (3) a finite supply of resources, and (4) natural selection by the environment for those offspring better able to survive and produce offspring. 5.4.1 Define evolution. [ Evolution is the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population. If we accept not only that species can evolve, but also that new species arise by evolution from preexisting ones, then the whole of life can be seen as unified by its common origins. Variation within our species is the result of different selection pressures operating in different parts of the world, yet this variation is not so vast to justify a construct such as race having a biological or scientific basis.] LS3B Random changes in the 5.4.2 Outline the evidence for genetic makeup of cells and evolution provided by the fossil organisms (mutations) can cause record, selective breeding of changes in their physical domesticated animals and characteristics or behaviors. If homologous structures. the genetic mutations occur in eggs or sperm cells, the changes will be inherited by offspring. While many of these changes will be harmful, a small minority may allow the offspring to better survive and reproduce. 1 College Board AP Biology Guidelines (2012-2013) Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Essential knowledge 1.A.1: Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution. Essential knowledge 1.A.2: Natural selection acts on phenotypic variations in populations. 2009 WA State 6-8 Standards 2009 WA State 9-11 Standards IB Biology Guidelines LS3C Reproduction is essential for every species to continue to exist. Some plants and animals reproduce sexually while others reproduce asexually. Sexual reproduction leads to greater diversity of characteristics because children inherit genes from both parents. LS3D In sexual reproduction the new organism receives half of its genetic information from each parent, resulting in offspring that are similar but not identical to either parent. In asexual reproduction just one parent is involved, and genetic information is passed on nearly unchanged. LS3E Adaptations are physical or behavioral changes that are inherited and enhance the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. LS3C The great diversity of organisms is the result of more than 3.5 billion years of evolution that has filled available ecosystem niches on Earth with life forms. 5.4.3 State that populations tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support. LS3D The fossil record and anatomical and molecular similarities observed among diverse species of living organisms provide evidence of biological evolution. 5.4.4 Explain that the consequence of the potential overproduction of offspring is a struggle for survival. Essential knowledge 1.A.4: Biological evolution is supported by scientific evidence from many disciplines, including mathematics. LS3E Biological classifications are based on how organisms are related, reflecting their evolutionary history. Scientists infer relationships from physiological traits, genetic information, and the ability of two organisms to produce fertile offspring. 5.4.5 State that the members of a species show variation. Enduring understanding 1.B: Organisms are linked by lines of descent from common ancestry. Essential knowledge 1.B.1: Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today. 2 College Board AP Biology Guidelines (2012-2013) Essential knowledge 1.A.3: Evolutionary change is also driven by random processes. 2009 WA State 6-8 Standards 2009 WA State 9-11 Standards IB Biology Guidelines College Board AP Biology Guidelines (2012-2013) Essential knowledge 1.B.2: Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations (models) of evolutionary history that can be tested. LS3F Extinction occurs when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics of a species, including its behaviors, are insufficient to allow its survival. 5.4.6 Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in a species. LS3G Evidence for evolution includes similarities among anatomical and cell structures, and patterns of development make it possible to infer degree of relatedness among organisms. 5.4.7 Explain how natural selection leads to evolution. [Greater survival and reproductive success of individuals with favourable heritable variations can lead to change in the characteristics of a population.] Enduring understanding 1.C: Life continues to evolve within a changing environment. Essential knowledge 1.C.1: Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth’s history. 5.4.8 Explain two examples of evolution in response to environmental change; one must be antibiotic resistance in bacteria. [Other examples could include: the changes in size and shape of the beaks of Galapagos finches; pesticide resistance, industrial melanism or heavy metal tolerance in plants.] Essential knowledge 1.C.2: Speciation may occur when two populations become reproductively isolated from each other. Essential knowledge 1.C.3: Populations of organisms continue to evolve. 3 2009 WA State 6-8 Standards 2009 WA State 9-11 Standards IB Biology Guidelines College Board AP Biology Guidelines (2012-2013) Enduring understanding 1.D: The origin of living systems is explained by natural processes. Essential knowledge 1.D.1: There are several hypotheses about the natural origin of life on Earth, each with supporting scientific evidence. Essential knowledge 1.D.2: Scientific evidence from many different disciplines supports models of the origin of life. Note: Standards are listed from top to bottom in the order they are published in source documents. Rows do not indicate any relationships. 4