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Download LITERARY TERMS 1. onomatopoeia: The use of words whose
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LITERARY TERMS TYPES OF SENTENCES 1. onomatopoeia: The use of words whose sounds imitate or suggest their meaning. (Wow! Bang! Screech!) 2. personification: An animal or object is given human characteristics (The cat requested food for a reward, the train lazily ascended the hill) 3. metaphor: compares two things without using like or as (Her soft voice was a euphony to his ears) 4. alliteration: The repetition of initial sounds in words (Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers) 5. prose: anything that is NOT poetry (essay, story, journal entry, novel) 6. simile: comparing two things using like or as (The warrior fought like a lion) 7. irony: When the unexpected happens (A man won the lottery and died the next day.) Can also be when things seem one way but actually are another (spending thousands of dollars to replace a diamond ring you borrowed only to find out it wasn’t a real diamond) Sarcasm is another type of irony (It was as pleasant as a root canal procedure) 8. hyperbole: huge exaggeration (The path seemed to go on forever) 9. imagery: words that help you create a picture in your mind using the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell) 10. foreshadowing: hints or clues of what will happen next 11. pun: a play on words (The coach keeps giving me the runaround when I ask him if I made the track team.) 12. idiom: when the phrase is not taken literally (We were just shooting the breeze – meaning not talking about anything important) 13. symbol: when something stands for something else. (The pearl represents avarice or greed in THE PEARL) 14. flashback: interruption in the present action to show what has happened in the past 15. Allusion: A reference to someone or something from literature, history, religion mythology, politics, sports or another field that many people are familiar with. 16. protagonist: The main character in a work of literature. Simple Sentence: has only a subject and a verb (predicate) Example: The enormous dog ran away quickly. PHRASES Participial phrase: verb form used as an adjective; -ed or –ing. Example: The man yelling at the cat woke me up. Prepositional phrase: begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. Example: over the hill Gerund phrase: verb form used as a noun; -ing Example: Running around the track gets tiring. Example: They do not appreciate my singing. Example: My favorite activity is sleeping. Example: The principal gave the student ISS for running. Appositive: noun or pronoun phrase that describes another Example: Mrs. Giesey, my favorite teacher, went to all the basketball games this year! Infinitive phrase: to + an action verb Example: He is going to conceal the toy from his sister. PARTS OF SPEECH Noun: person, place, thing, or idea (woman, school, desk, justice) Verb: shows action / state of being (galloping, singing / is, seems Adjective: describes a noun (splendiferous, monumental, attractive) Adverb: tells how, when, where, or why (greatly, today, there, since) Pronoun: takes the place of a noun (he, she, it, we, they, them, our) Preposition: a word which introduces a prepositional phrase and has a relationship with a noun (over the hill) Interjection: shows strong emotion (Wow! Wonderful! Tragic…) Expanded Simple Sentence: a simple sentence with word(s)/phrase(s) added Example: The enormous dog ran away and into the tree. Compound Sentence: Two sentences connected with a conjunction (and, but, or, so, yet, for) or a semicolon (;). Example: The enormous dog ran away quickly, and he yelped as he ran into the tree. Complex Sentence: a complete sentence (independent clause) and a dependent clause. A dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun. Example: While I was sleeping, the huge dog ran into a tree. Example: The huge dog ran into a tree while I was sleeping. Compound-Complex Sentence: two complete sentences and a dependent clause (begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun). Example: While I was sleeping, the dog ran into a tree and he barked furiously at the stranger. Example: The dog ran into a tree, and he barked furiously while I was sleeping. KINDS OF SENTENCES Declarative: a statement (I looked at the young man’s shoes.) Interrogative: a question (Did you see the young man’s shoes?) Imperative: a command (Look at the young man’s shoes!) Exclamatory: a strong feeling (I don’t want to look at those shoes!) Common Subordinating Conjunctions: after as though since although because so that as before than as if how thought as long as if unless until while as soon as when whenever wherever whether where in order that Relative Pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those