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Transcript
Classic Chem: Unit 3 Test Review Zimmer – 2014 REACTIONS OF COVALENT MOLECULES, THERMOCHEMISTRY & REACTION RATE, AND POLYMERS Unit 3 learning goals: Students will be able to o complete and balance combustion reactions of organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and explain the reaction in terms of bonds breaking and forming, enthalpy, and entropy change. o distinguish between complete and incomplete combustion in terms of reaction conditions, resulting products, and macroscopic observations. o analyze potential energy change in terms of the strengths of bonds formed and broken during a reaction, and use or label potential energy diagram and Maxwell Boltzmann curve to describe reactions. o calculate the energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction using specific heat and laboratory measurements from a calorimetry experiment. o understand and explain factors affecting reaction rate in terms of collision theory and the Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. o explain how a catalyst speeds up a reaction in regards to activation energy. o draw the products of a dehydration synthesis reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, or between an amine and a carboxylic acid, and to explain how this type of reaction can be involved in creation of polymers. o draw the products of hydrolysis reactions of esters and amides, and analyze these reactions in terms of entropy change. o distinguish between the three types of reactions of organic molecules that have been discussed (combustion, dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis) and correctly predict products when reactants are combined. o describe the general structure of a polymer Vocabulary terms functional group amine line-angle drawing carboxylic acid combustion (complete vs. incomplete) ester organic dehydration synthesis calorimetry hydrolysis specific heat (capacity) Enthalpy Endothermic alcohol amide Exothermic Entropy Driving force Spontaneous System Surroundings Collision theory Reaction rate Orientation Activation energy Catalyst monomer condensation polymer polymerization Boltzman distribution Potential energy diagram polymer Study suggestions and practice questions Go over your notes from class and from reading and reorganize them – turn tables or diagrams into paragraph explanations and vice versa. Identify cause and effect whenever possible. Make a concept map using the above vocabulary terms, connecting them as fully as possible. Make sure you can fully explain the chemical reasons for the observations you made in each of the labs, and make sure you can apply the analytical methods (calculations, error analysis, etc.) you used in the calorimetry lab to example data. Practice problems from the textbook: Some additional practice problems: 1. The surrounding material’s temperature increases by 1.0oC for every 1560 J that it gains. A 0.1964 g sample of quinone (molar mass = 108.1 g/mole) was burnt, and the surrounding material’s temperature increased from 20.3 oC to 23.5 oC. Find the molar heat of combustion for quinone. 1560J/1C x 3.2 C = 4992 J 4992J/ 0.001817mol = 2,750,000J/mol = 2,750KJ/mol 2. A 1.55 g of CH4O sample is burnt in a calorimeter. If the molar heat of combustion of CH4O is -725 kJ/mole, and assuming that the 2.0 L of water absorbed all of the heat of combustion, what temperature change did the water experience? 1.55g x 1mol/32.05g = 0.04836mol x -725KJ/mol = 35.06kJ = 35,060J 35,060J = 4.18J/gC x 2,000g x (change in temp) 4.19 C is the temp change