Download PAPER 1 1.Which pair of features is correct for both plant and

PAPER 1
1.Which pair of features is correct for both plant and prokaryotic cells?
Plant cell
Prokaryotic cell
A.
Able to change shape
Fixed shape
B.
Contains DNA associated with protein
Contains naked DNA
C.
DNA enclosed by membrane
DNA associated with protein
D.
Chloroplasts may be present
Chloroplasts may be present
2.The diagram shows a model of a biological membrane. What do labels I, II, and III illustrate?
I
II
III
A.
Integral protein
Peripheral protein
Hydrophobic phosphate head
B.
Peripheral protein
Glycoprotein
Hydrophilic phosphate head
C.
Glycoprotein
Integral protein
Hydrophilic phosphate head
D.
Glycoprotein
Peripheral protein
Hydrophobic phosphate head
3.What describes the functions of the following organelles?
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmatic reticulum
A.
Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
ATP production
B.
ATP production
Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
C.
Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
Processing of proteins
D.
Processing of proteins
Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion
4.What role does iron play in living organisms?
A.
As a component in nucleic acids
B.
As a component of lipids
C.
As a component of carbohydrates
D.
As a component of proteins
5.Which diagram correctly illustrates a dipeptide?
A.
H
N
C.
H
O
H
H
C
C
N
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
N
H
H
O
H
C
N
H
OH
H
H
O
N
C
H
B.
D.
O
H
H
C
C
N
C
H
H
H
H
O
H
H
C
C
N
C
C
N
OH
H
H
H
O
C
OH
H
H
O
C
OH
6.What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?
A.
Deoxyribose, a phosphate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine
B.
Ribose, a phosphate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil
C.
Deoxyribose, a nitrate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine
D.
Ribose, a nitrate and one of the bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine
7.What is the correct sequence of chemicals produced in the anaerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Lactate → pyruvate → ethanol
B.
Ethanol → pyruvate → glucose
C.
Glucose → lactate → pyruvate
D.
Glucose → pyruvate → lactate
8.Why do leaves of plants look green?
A.
Most of the green light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the red and blue light is reflected.
B.
Most of the blue light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the red and green light is reflected.
C.
Most of the red light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the green and blue light is reflected.
D.
Most of the red and blue light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the green light is reflected.
9.How would the following DNA sequence, ACGTTGCATGGCA, be transcribed?
A.
UGCAACGUACCGU
B.
TGCAACGTACCGT
C.
ACGTTGCATGGCA
D.
ACGUUGCAUGGCA
10.what can be concluded on the basis of the following karyotype?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Female with a normal set of chromosomes
Male with Down syndrome
Female with Down syndrome
Male with a normal set of chromosomes
11.What are homologous chromosomes?
A.
Two chromosomes with differing sets of genes, in the same sequence, with the same alleles
B.
Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in a different sequence, with the same alleles
C.
Two chromosomes with a different set of genes, in the same sequence, with different alleles
D.
Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in the same sequence, sometimes with different alleles
12.Which features of DNA fragments are used to separate them in the process of gel electrophoresis?
A.
Their charge and their size
B.
Their charge and base composition
C.
The sequence of their bases and their charge
D.
Their base composition and their size
13.Which feature of a genetic pedigree chart demonstrates that a characteristic is sex linked?
A.
Numbers of offspring carrying the characteristic decreased over several generations.
B.
One gender is more commonly affected than the other.
C.
Equal numbers of males and females inherit the characteristic.
D.
Boys and girls only inherit the characteristic from their mothers.
H h
14.What does the genotype X X indicate?
A.
A co-dominant female
B.
A heterozygous male
C.
A heterozygous female
D.
A co-dominant male
15.If a purple flowered (Pp) and a white flowered pea plant (pp) are crossed, what will the offspring be?
A.
1 : 1 ratio of purple and white flowers
B.
3 : 1 ratio of purple to white flowers
C.
1 : 3 ratio of purple to white flowers
D.
All purple flowers
16.What is a community?
A.
A group of producers and consumers living and interacting in an area.
B.
A group of species living and interacting in an area.
C.
A group of organisms living and interacting in an area.
D.
A group of populations living and interacting in an area.
17.What are the main sources of carbon dioxide on earth?
A.
Cellular respiration of consumers, producers and combustion of fossil fuels
B.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration of consumers
C.
Cellular respiration of producers and combustion of fossil fuels
D.
Photosynthesis and combustion of fossil fuels
18.The average leaf length of one plant is 2.5 cm with a standard deviation of 0.5 cm. What does this indicate?
A.
95% of all leaves fall within the ranges of 2.0 to 3.0 cm
B.
68% of all leaves fall within the ranges of 1.5 to 3.5 cm
C.
68% of all leaves fall within the ranges of 2.5 to 3.0 cm
D.
95% of all leaves fall within the ranges of 1.5 to 3.5 cm
19.What are Allium sativa and Allium cepa?
A.
Two different species of the same genus
B.
The same species of the same genus
C.
The same species but of a different genus
D.
Two different species of a different genus
20.This diagram represents a simple food chain. In which ways is energy lost between the trophic levels?
A.
B.
C.
D.
I.
II.
III.
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
Heat
loss
Material
Material not assimilated
through
not
cell
respiration
consumed
21.In the digestive system, enzyme A has an optimum pH of 1.5 and enzyme B an optimum pH of 7.
What are the possible substrates of these enzymes?
Enzyme A
Enzyme B
A.
proteins
amino acids
B.
lipids
proteins
C.
carbohydrates
lipids
D.
proteins
lipids
22.Which processes are represented by the labels in the diagram below?
I
II
I
II
A.
A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by exocytosis.
Digestion of the microbe with the help of the Golgi
apparatus.
B.
A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by endocytosis.
Digestion of the microbe with the help of a lysosome.
C.
A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by exocytosis.
Digestion of the microbe with the help of a lysosome.
D.
A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by endocytosis.
Digestion of the microbe with the help of the Golgi
apparatus.
23.The diagram below shows the human male reproductive system and associated organs.
X
Y
Z
24.
Which of the labelled structures indicate the bladder, prostate and urethra?
Bladder
Prostate
Urethra
A.
Y
X
Z
B.
X
Y
Z
C.
Z
X
Y
D.
X
Z
Y
25.What happens during inhalation?
A.
Both the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.
B.
The internal intercostal muscles contract and the diaphragm relaxes.
C.
The external intercostal muscles relax and the diaphragm contracts.
D.
Both the internal intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax.
26.Which of the following best describes the composition of human blood?
A.
Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets
B.
Erythrocytes, phagocytes and platelets
C.
Erythrocytes, lymphocytes and platelets
D.
Erythrocytes, antigens and platelets
27.Which of the following best describes antibodies?
A.
Made by phagocytes and specific to one antigen
B.
Made by lymphocytes and specific to one antigen
C.
Made by leucocytes and non-specific
D.
Made by phagocytes and non-specific
28.Which play a role in controlling body temperature?
I.
Blood
II.
Skin arterioles
III.
Body hair
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
29.In a human diet, what effect does a high intake of both protein and salt have on urea and salt concentrations of urine?
Urea Concentration
Salt Concentration
A.
High
Low
B.
Low
High
C.
High
High
D.
Low
Low
PAPER II PARTE A:
Two species of sea snakes, Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina, spend most of their lives living in the sea. They must
be able to move, hunt and survive in the water, but for short periods they need to come ashore to breed. They inhabit
some of the Pacific islands which have low coral cliffs that the snakes need to climb in order to get onto dry land for
courtship, mating and laying eggs.
Figure 1
Diagram to show a cross-sectional view of cliff used in the study
vegetation
Height
2.3m
sea level
Muscle strength / arbitrary units
[Source: Terrestrial locomotion in sea snakes: the effects of sex and species on cliff-climbing ability in sea kraits
(Serpentes, Elapidae, Laticauda)”, X. Bonnet, I. Ineich and R. Shine, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, August
2005, vol. 85, issue 4, pages 433-41, Wiley-Blackwell. Used with permission.]
The scientists studied the ability of snakes to climb the low cliff. They measured the body mass of the snakes and
relative strength of the snakes. The mean results are shown in the bar charts below.
250
Body mass/g
200
150
100
50
0
Females
Males
25
20
15
10
5
0
Females
Males
Key:
L. laticaudata
L. colubrina
[Source: “Terrestrial locomotion in sea snakes: the effects of sex and species on cliff-climbing ability in sea kraits
(Serpentes, Elapidae, Laticauda)”, X. Bonnet, I. Ineich and R. Shine, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, August
2005, vol. 85, issue 4, pages 433-41, Wiley-Blackwell. Used with permission.]
(a)
State which sex of snake has the greater mean mass.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
State which species of snake is the strongest.
.....................................................................................................................................
(c)
The error bars represent standard deviation. Deduce which groups of snakes show the greatest variability in
body mass.
.....................................................................................................................................
(d)
For L. colubrina calculate the difference between the strength of the male and the female snakes.
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(1)
(1)
(1)
The scientists placed male snakes onto the coral cliff near its base. They measured their ability to hold onto the coral
cliff. The L. colubrina males climbed much faster than the males of L. laticaudata. The graph below shows the ability of
snakes to cling to the coral cliff.
100
Key:
L. colubrina
80
L. laticaudata
60
Snakes still clinging
to the cliff / %
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Time / seconds
[Source: “Terrestrial locomotion in sea snakes: the effects of sex and species on cliff-climbing ability in sea kraits
(Serpentes, Elapidae, Laticauda)”, X. Bonnet, I. Ineich and R. Shine, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, August
2005, vol. 85, issue 4, pages 433-41, Wiley-Blackwell. Used with permission.]
(e)
(i)
Compare the ability of the two species of snake to cling to the cliff.
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Suggest two reasons for the difference in the ability of the snakes to cling to the cliffs for 120
seconds.
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...........................................................................................................................
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(2)
(f)
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of body mass in these two species of snake.
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(3)
(Total 11 marks)
(a)
State the typical size of
(i)
a bacterium; ......................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
an average eukaryotic cell. ...............................................................................
(1)
(b)
(a)
Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio in limiting cell size.
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Define homeostasis.
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(1)
(b)
Blood glucose levels are controlled by several hormones.
(i)
State the name of one of these hormones and the specific site of its production.
hormone: ...........................................................................................................
site: ...................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Outline how the hormone chosen in (b) (i) controls blood glucose.
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(2)
(c)
Explain the roles of estrogen in regulating change at puberty in young women.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
(a)
Variation occurs at the species level. Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in species.
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(2)
(b)
Living organisms are classified according to their characteristics using a hierarchy of taxa. State the missing
taxa in the table below.
Levels in the hierarchy of classification taxa
(i)
.......................................................................
Phylum
(ii)
.......................................................................
(iii)
.......................................................................
Family
(iv)
.......................................................................
Species
(2)
(c)
Explain how differentiation results in a variety of different types of cells occurring in a multicellular organism.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
PARTE B PAPER 2
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram showing the fluid-mosaic model of a biological membrane.
(b)
Explain the processes of active and passive transport that move materials across a membrane.
(c)
Describe the features of the alveoli that make them well adapted for gaseous exchange.
(5)
(8)
(5)
(2)
(a)
Explain why enzymes are substrate specific and why their activity is affected by substrate concentration.
(b)
Outline the use of restriction enzymes (endonucleases) and DNA ligase in gene technology.
(c)
Outline the role of two enzymes found in the digestive system of humans.
(8)
(6)
(4
(2)
(a)
List the characteristics of alveoli that permit efficient gas exchange.
(b)
Describe the structures of arteries and veins as related to their functions.
(c)
Explain the process of aerobic cell respiration.
(4)
(6)
(8)