Download Spring Final Review - Summit School District

B/AB
Final Assessment Review: Semester 2
Spring 2015
Objective: to determine what you have actually learned so far in your science career and to collect data in
order to demonstrate growth.
Criterion C: Knowledge and understanding of science
Standards: 2.5/2.6/2.7/2.8/2.9
Standard 2.5: Cell structure and transport
-Identify each organelle on a diagram and explain its function.
Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, , golgi complex, cell membrane, cell
wall, chloroplast
-Diagram the cell membrane and include all relevant parts. (phospholipids, protein channels,
glycoproteins, etc)
-Explain the process of osmosis across a cell membrane using the terms Hypertonic, Hypotonic and
Isotonic, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
-Which types of substances pass through the membrane easily, which need help, how is water different?
-Describe the sodium potassium pump and answer the following questions about it.
Which ions are involved? What happens? (net movement) What is the result of the sodium/potassium
pump? (3 sodium out, 2 potassium in, both against the gradient, uses 1/3 total cellular ATP. Why?
(osmotic stability, bioelectricity, secondary transport)
-Why is the sodium potassium pump important to the normal functioning of the human body?
-What would happen if the sodium potassium pump stopped functioning properly?
Standard 2.6: Human Body and Homeostasis
-Label of the parts of the human digestive system on a diagram below:
1. Explain the function of each of the organs labeled above.
a. Oral Cavity_______________________________________________
b. Esophagus_______________________________________________
c. Liver____________________________________________________
d. Stomach_________________________________________________
e. Gallbladder_______________________________________________
f. Pancreas_________________________________________________
g. Large Intestine____________________________________________
h. Small Intestine____________________________________________
i. Appendix________________________________________________
j. Rectum_________________________________________________
k. Anal Canal_______________________________________________
-Be able to identify the bones in the human body (the bones covered in class).
-Be able to identify all of the organs in the reproductive systems and give their functions.
Standard 2.7: Multicellularity and Gene Expression
A. Discuss the two main functions and the location of DNA
Location:________
1.
2.
B. Understand the discovery of DNA which discoveries of other scientists Watson and Cricke used in their
double helix model of DNA
-Chargaff
-Wilkins and Franklin
C. Discuss the structure of DNA (3 parts) and the bonds that hold it together.
-Define gene:
-Please compare and contrast DNA and RNA:
-Please summarize the major events of transcription and translation
Please include:
Transcription
-Where does each take place?
-What are the steps of each?
_________________
Translation
_________________
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
-What is the end result/products of each?
___________________
_________________
-What is it called when the code is not copied or translated correctly?
-Convert DNA strands to mRNA
a. GAGAAACTTGCT= _____________________
b. GAGAAACATGCT=_____________________
-Use codons and a table provided to create a correct chain of Amino Acids
-Identify different types of mutations that can take place and explain how this will impact the health of
the individual
Standard 2.8: Division of Labor and Using Genetics to treat Diseases
-Compare/contrast a normal human karyotype and one that has a chromosomal disorder.
-Identify if it is male or female and explain how you know. (sex chromosomes XX or XY)
-Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (Describe the products of each the role of each in maintain
life (haploid, diploid, growth, development, repair) (1N+1N= 2N)
Define: Chromosome, chromatin, chromatid, centromere, autosome, sex chromosome, haploid, diploid,
zygote, gametes
-Explain the process of non-disjunction and the results. Example: Trisomy 21.
-Name a specific chromosomal disorder that is caused by non-disjunction and the effects it has on the
individual.
-Draw and label the cell cycle.
-Explain what cancer is in relation to the cell cycle. (loss of cell division/checkpoints)
-Explain how we may be able to use our understanding of cell division and karyotypes to screen for
inherited breast cancer as well as treat other types of cancer.
Standard 2.9: Evolution
-Explain the theory of evolution using Darwin’s original ideas of decent with modification, genetic
variation, natural selection.
-Explain how scientists use the 4 main bodies of evidence to support the current theory of evolution and
give examples of each.
a. The Fossil Record
b. DNA/Genetics
c. Vestigial Structures
d. Homologous Structures
-List the major steps in human evolution from early primate to modern human (Homo sapiens)
-Explain the evidence that shows when and how these changes took place (list any new evidence SG)