Download Semester 2 review sheet - Summit School District

B/AB
Final Assessment Review: Semester 2
Spring 2016
Objective: to determine what you have actually learned so far in your science career and to collect data in
order to demonstrate growth.
Criterion C: Knowledge and understanding of science
Standards: 2.3/2.5/2.6/2.7/2.8/2.9
Standard 2.3 Macromolecules of life!
Essential Vocab:
Monomers:
Polymers:
Carbohydrate:
Monosaccharide: fructose, glucose
Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides: Starches, glycogen
Lactose, sucrose:
Starch: cellulose, glycogen
Fats/Lipids:
Fatty Acid:
Glycerol:
Tri-Glyceride
Proteins:
Amino acids:
Side chain/r group:
Dehydration synthesis/condensation reaction:
Hydrolysis:
Nucleic acid:
Concepts:
a. Understand the basic structures of carbohydrates, lipids/fats, and proteins
b. Demonstrate understanding of how dehydration synthesis builds larger molecules from smaller ones
and how hydrolysis breaks them down
c. Describe similarities/differences between all major groups of macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids with respect to structure and function
d. Explain the role of each macromolecule in living things.
e. describe the effects of not having enough of each type of macromolecule in the diet.
f. describe what lactose intolerance is
Standard 2.5: Cell structure and transport
-Identify each organelle on a diagram and explain its function.
Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi complex, cell membrane, cytoplasm
-Diagram the cell membrane and include all relevant parts. (phospholipids, protein channels,
glycoproteins, etc)
Standard 2.6: Human Body and Homeostasis
-Label of the parts of the human digestive system on a diagram below:
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Explain the function of each of the organs labeled above.
Oral Cavity_______________________________________________
Esophagus_______________________________________________
Liver____________________________________________________
Stomach_________________________________________________
Gallbladder_______________________________________________
Pancreas_________________________________________________
Large Intestine____________________________________________
Small Intestine____________________________________________
Appendix________________________________________________
Rectum_________________________________________________
Anal Canal_______________________________________________
-Explain how the liver and the kidneys work together to maintain homeostasis in the body.
Define homeostasis:
-Using a negative feedback mechanism, describe how the pancreas and the liver work together to
maintain blood-glucose levels in the body
Please compare and contrast positive feedback mechanisms and negative feedback mechanisms
-Give an example of each
-Please describe what happens when homeostasis is lost in the system
-Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism forced to operate as a positive feedback mechanisms
Standard 2.7: Multicellularity and Gene Expression
-Define gene:
-Please compare and contrast DNA and RNA:
-Please summarize the major events of transcription and translation
Please include:
Transcription
-Where does each take place?
-What are the steps of each?
_________________
Translation
_________________
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
-What is the end result/products of each?
___________________
_________________
-What is it called when the code is not copied or translated correctly?
-Identify different types of mutations that can take place and explain how this will impact the health of
the individual
Standard 2.8: Division of Labor and Using Genetics to treat Diseases
-Compare/contrast a normal human karyotype and one that is affected.
-Identify if it is male or female and explain how you know. (sex chromosomes XX or XY)
-Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (Describe the products of each the role of each in maintain
life (haploid, diploid, growth, development, repair) (1N+1N= 2N)
Essential Vocab: Chromosome, chromatin, chromatid, histone, centromere autosome, sex chromosome,
haploid, diploid, zygote, gametes
-Explain the process of non-disjunction and the results. Example: Trisomy 21.
-Name a specific chromosomal disorder that is caused by non-disjunction and the effects it has on the
individual.
-Draw and label the cell cycle.
-Explain why interphase is a bad name for the majority of the cell cycle.
What is actually happening during G1, S, and G2 phases?
G1:
S:
G2:
-Explain what cancer is in relation to the cell cycle. (loss of cell division/checkpoints)
Please compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis, including:
-The number of steps
-Relevant events
-End products
Explain why mitosis is better for normal growth, development, and repair
Please explain how meiosis leads to greater genetic variability through
-crossing over
-independent assortment
-random fertilization
Standard 2.8 Genes and inheritance
Discuss Mendel, the fruit flies and pea plants
How did the experiments work?
What was the importance of the 4:1 ratio?
Essential Vocab:
Dominant:
Recessive:
Homozygous:
Heterozygous:
Codominance:
Multiple alleles:
Environmental factors:
Standard 2.9: Evolution
-Explain the theory of evolution using Darwin’s original ideas of decent with modification, genetic
variation, natural selection.
-Explain how scientists use the 4 main bodies of evidence to support the current theory of evolution and
give examples of each.
Essential Vocab:
a. Fossils/The Fossil Record
b. DNA/Genetics
c. Vestigial Structures
d. Homologous Structures
e. analogous structures
f. transitional animals
g. mutations
h. adaptations
i. descent with modification
j. isolation, geographic, reproductive, allopatric, sympatric
-List the major steps in human evolution from early primate to modern human (Homo sapiens)
-Explain the evidence that shows when and how these changes took place (list any new evidence SG)
Use the evidence in class to discuss the following:
Why did we stand upright?
When did we stand upright?
Which anatomical changes allowed us to stand upright?
What roles did cooperative hunting, fire, and changing climate have on evolution and intelligence?
When did we become upright walkers?
When did we become deep thinkers?
Please turn in your human evolution timeline with your final assessment