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The Crusades
What were the Crusades?
-A series of eight major
expeditions by European
Christians to reclaim the
Holy Lands (where Jesus
lived and preached) from
the Muslims.
-They occurred over a
period of 200 years
beginning in 1096.
-Only the first Crusade
was truly successful for
the Europeans.
When did the Crusades Take
Place?
 1st
Crusade 1096-1099(only victory)
 2nd Crusade 1147-1149 (lost Jerusalem)
 3rd Crusade 1189-1192
 4th Crusade 1201-1204 (fought
Christians)
 5th Crusade 1218-1221
 6th Crusade 1228-1229
 7th Crusade 1248-1254
 8th Crusade 1270
How did the Crusades start?
-Seljuk Turks, that were Muslim,
captured the Holy Land-threat to the
Byzantine Empire.
Byzantine Empire, asked Pope Urban
II for help.
-At the Council of Clermont in 1095,
Pope Urban II calls on bishops and
nobles to act to free the Holy Land
from the Muslims.
-Pope Urban II hoped to increase his
power in Europe and put an end to the
feud of the “Great Schism” that
separated the Roman and Byzantine
churches in 1054.
Were the Crusades a success?
-Thousands of Christian knights managed to
capture Jerusalem in 1099. They slaughtered the
Muslims and Jews in the city and occupied it.
-They divided the captured lands into four
crusader states.
-Jerusalem falls back into Muslim hands in 1187
Siege of Antioch
 Few
returned home
 Knights hoped for wealth
and land, some went for
adventure others went to
get away from home.
Saladin captures Jerusalem in
1187
-Christians try to recapture Jerusalem
during a third Crusade and the Muslim
leader Saladin defeats them.
-Europeans also mount Crusades
against Muslims in Africa and they fail.
-1204 During the fourth Crusade,
merchants in Venice, Italy actually
convince the knights to attack
Constantinople of the Byzantine
Empire. (other Christians)
-Muslims recapture all of the crusader
states by 1291.
King Richard I of England pleads
with Saladin
-After 1187, King Richard asks Saladin to
return Jerusalem to the Christians.
-Saladin replies: “To us Jerusalem is as
precious…as it is to you, because it is the
place from where our Prophet (Muhammad)
made his journey by night to heaven…Do not
dream that we will give it up to you.
-Saladin realizes the importance of Jerusalem
to Christians and reopens it to Christian
pilgrims.
-What does this say about Saladin?
Results of the Crusades
Religious hatred that lasts today.
 Trade increased and expanded as
Christian Crusaders brought goods back
with them.
 Large fleets of ships that were built to
transport Crusaders were now used for
trade and exploration.
 Serfdom declines as a money economy
develops.
 Europeans realize that the world is much
larger than once thought.

Effects on the Church
Did not end the
split between the
Byzantine and
Roman Church.
 Power of Monarchs
grew as they
collected taxes to
fund the Crusades.

The Reconquista
Muslims had lived
in Spain since the
700’s.
 Beginning in 1085,
Christians seek to
expel them from
the Iberian
Peninsula.
 It is not successful

The Reconquista
From 1085 to 1469 Christians fought to
push Muslims off Iberian peninsula.
 Spanish Inquisition ended religious
tolerance in Spain. 150,000 muslims and
jews fled(skilled workers)
