Download 15 Crusades PPT

Warm Up
• Turn to page 378, Read “What are the
dangers and rewards of going on a
Crusade?”
• After reading the article decide
whether or not you would have gone on
Crusade. Remember to support your
decision with evidence.
The
Crusades
A. Crusades
1. Based on the idea of
a holy war against the
infidel, or unbeliever.
2. Directed against
Muslims.
3. Pope Urban II called
for the liberation of
Jerusalem and the
Holy Land of Palestine
from the Muslims.
Pope promised remission
of sins and land grants
along with the promise of
fame and fortune.
“ All who die by the way,
whether by land or by sea,
or in battle against the
pagans, shall have
remission of sins.”
B. Goals of the Crusade
1. The Crusades had economic, social, and political goals as
well as religious motives.
a. Muslims had control of Palestine and threatened
Constantinople.
b. Offered kings & the Church both an opportunity to rid
of quarrelsome knights who fought each other.
c. Younger sons were seeking land and fame.
d. Merchants made
money by funding
the Crusades.
C. The First Crusade
1. What started as a minor call
for aid quickly turned into a
wholesale migration and
conquest of territory
outside of Europe.
2. Most of the Crusaders were
French, but came from all
parts of Europe.
3. The Crusaders were illprepared for war and only
12,000 out of 48,000 made
it to Jerusalem.
Knights and peasants traveled
over land and by sea towards
Jerusalem and captured the
city in July 1099, establishing
the Kingdom of Jerusalem and
the other Crusader states.
4. The first Crusade was the
only crusade—in contrast to
the many that followed—to
achieve its stated goal.
Turn to textbook page 383
• Complete the Geography Skillbuilder
questions
D. The Second Crusade
1. The Second Crusade
was announced by
Pope Eugenius III,
and was the first of
the crusades to be
led by European
kings, namely Louis
VII of France and
Conrad of III of
Germany.
2. The armies of the two kings
marched separately across
Europe.
3. Both armies were separately
defeated by the Seljuk Turks.
4. The crusade in the east was a
failure for the crusaders and a
great victory for the Muslims.
5. It would ultimately lead to the
fall of Jerusalem to the
Muslim leader Saladin in 1187.
E. Third Crusade
1. Three important leaders led their forces into
the East.
2. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany.
3. Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) of
England.
4. Phillip II (Phillip Augustus) King of France.
5. Lack of leadership and organization led to its
failure.
6. Richard negotiated a settlement in which
Saladin agreed to allow Christian pilgrims free
access to Jerusalem.
F. Reconquista
1. The Reconquista was the long effort of the
Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain.
(about 1100 – 1500 CE)
2. The Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and
Isabella used the inquisition, a court to
suppress heresy, to unify their country under
Christianity and to increase their power.
G. The Effects of the Crusades
1. Greater economic freedom/activity for those
left at home (particularly women)
2. Lessened the power of the Pope
3. Weakened feudal nobility and increased the
power of kings (thousands of knights and
other participants lost their lives and
fortunes)
4. The fall of Constantinople weakened the
Byzantine Empire
5. Led to the growth of trade, towns, and
universities in medieval Europe
6. The intolerance and prejudice displayed by
Christians left a legacy of bitterness and
hatred on the part of Muslims
The Crusades