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Review of the Crusades
The Crusades that occurred throughout
the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth
centuries were military campaigns that
were inspired by a desire to reclaim
Jerusalem from Muslim rule. There were
numerous crusades over the three hundredyear period, the majority of which involved
journeys to the Holy Land.
Crusades
Why: gain control of Jerusalem
Where: Holy Land/Jerusalem
When: 1095 – 1291 AD
How: war
Who: Arabs/Muslims, European Christians,
Jews, Knights/peasant Army, Pope, children
Causes
1. Arabs (Muslims) closed Jerusalem to
Christians and Jews.
2. Pope called for a crusade.
3. Knights wanted to use fighting skills.
4. Peasants wanted to escape feudal
system.
5. Adventure!
Major Events
First Crusade
Second Crusade
Third Crusade
Fourth Crusade
Children’s Crusade
Results
Christians won.
Arabs/Muslims won.
Arabs/Muslims won.
Constantinople destroyed.
Many children died, mostly through
starvation.
Over the next 70 years, there were several other
crusade attempts, but they were motivated more by
personal gain than by religious purpose. None
succeeded. By 1291, 200 years after the first crusade,
European leaders lost interest. Western Europe never
admitted defeat. They simply stopped asking for new
crusaders.
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