Download Fall 2004 - Antelope Valley College

BIOLOGY 204
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: Dr A. Hemsley
ANTELOPE VALLEY COLLEGE
FALL 2004
THEORY TEST 4
100 POINTS
STUDENT NAME: ___________________________________
STUDENT I.D. NUMBER: _____________________________
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Perusal time = 10 minutes
Test time = 105 minutes
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Read ALL questions carefully during perusal time, you may write if you wish.
Use the back of each sheet if you do not have enough writing space, but please label each answer.
Question subheadings are NOT of equal points value.
Points allocated for each subheading are shown at the end of the question.
GOOD LUCK!
QUESTION 1 (Total =10 points)
Match entries in the left column with answers from the lettered choices in the right column. Write your letter
choice to the far left of each question in the spaces provided. Use each answer only ONCE.
(1 Point per
correct pair)
_____ 1.
Antimicrobial drug that Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
a.
Chloroquine
_____ 2.
Antimicrobial drug that Inhibits mycolic acid Incorporation
b.
Streptomycin
_____ 3.
Antibiotic with side effect of tooth yellowing
c.
Vancomycin
_____ 4.
Antibiotic with side effect of deafness
d.
Carbapenems
_____ 5.
Antibiotic class that resist penicillinase activity
e.
Isoniazid
_____ 6.
Toxic antibiotic used for cardiac infections
f.
Zidovudine
_____ 7.
Synthetic nucleotide analog used to treat HIV
g.
Praziquantel
_____8.
Antibacterial drug that inhibits protein synthesis
h.
Tetracycline
_____ 9.
Drug used in tapeworm treatment
i.
Ethambutol
_____ 10.
Drug used in the treatment of malaria
j.
Chloramphenicol
page 1
QUESTION 2 (Total =10 points)
Fill in the blanks in the following table:
Cellular Target
Microbe possessing this
target
Plasma membrane
DNA
Protein synthesis
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Specific target molecule
affected
Drug exerting the damage
Amphotericin B
Penicillin
Neomycin
Sulfanilamide
page 2
QUESTION 3 (Total =20 points)
A.
B.
An insecure Hollywood starlet goes to a small private hospital for massive reconstructive plastic surgery to
her face. She is sent home after the operations with instructions on how to keep her surgical sites clean,
which she dismiises as too much trouble – her maid can look after such details.. Several days later she is
admitted to the emergency room with headache, vomiting and dangerously low blood pressure.
What pathogen may be causing these symptoms?
(4)
Suggest 2 possible reasons you suspect the pathogen that you named above.
(4)
Is the condition due to an infection or an intoxication?
(2)
A female patient is admitted to the emergency room with a urinary tract infection. Urine culture revealed
a gram negative, non-lactose fermenting rod-shaped bacteria present in the urine.
How might this bacterium have found its way into the urinary tract?
(2)
Suggest an identity for the bacterium
(2)
What advice would you offer the patient to avoid these infections?
(2)
C.
(4)
Describe the Limulus amebocyte lysate test, and explain its value.
page 3
QUESTION 4 (Total =20 points)
A.
Describe the mechanism of action of the INTERFERON protein.
(4)
B.
Describe the process of phagocytosis.
(4)
C.
Provide one reason why steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used as infrequently as possible?
(2)
D.
List the four signs of the inflammatory response and explain the body reactions that have occurred to
manifest each of these signs
(8)
E.
Provide a brief description for the term OPSONIZATION
(2)
page 4
QUESTION 5 (Total =20 points)
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences. (1 point per correct sentence)
1.
Molecules that stimulate the immune response are known as____________________________.
2.
Specific groups on a molecule that interact with the antigen binding site of an antibody are called
____________________________.
3.
The cells of the humoral immune system compartment are called
____________________________.
4.
The cells of the cellular immune system compartment are called
____________________________.
5.
Immunity gained by exposure to a pathogen is known as____________________________ immunity.
6.
Immunity gained by transfer of antibodies across the placenta is known as _______________________
immunity.
7.
A very small antigen is known as a ____________________________.
8.
Antibodies have 2 _______________________chains and 2________________________ chains per
molecule.
9.
The antibody class responsible for blood transfusion rejection is ____________________________.
10.
The class of antibody found in exocrine secretions is ____________________________.
11.
The class of antibody that is involved in allergic reactions is ____________________________.
12.
The class of antibody first stimulated upon encounter with an antigen is ____________________________.
13.
_________________ ________________ is the selection process which destroys immune cells that could
attack our own tissues.
14.
Lymphocytes whose main role is to activate killer cells to fight microbes are known as
____________________________.
15.
Another name for CD4 cells is ___________________________
16.
Reactions between particulate antigens and antibodies will generate a/an
____________________________
reaction.
17.
In the ELISA test, Ab/Ag binding is detected by ____________________________________________.
18.
In the radioimmunoassay used to detect virus particles in the blood, a patient who does not have the
suspected disease will generate a sample with a ____________________ radioactive count.
19.
Vaccines work least well against the pathogens belonging to the _______________________ group.
20.
The macrophages that help T cells recognize foreign antigens are called _____________________________
.
page 5
QUESTION 6 (Total =20 points)
A.
Name and describe two important bacterial virulence factors
(4)
B.
Name and describe two important fungal virulence factors
(4)
C.
Describe two strategies viruses may use to increase their virulence
(4)
D.
Describe three observable signs of viral damage to cells
(6)
E.
What is the main mechanism of action of available antiviral drugs?
(2)
page 6