Download Spring 2005 - Antelope Valley College

BIOLOGY 204
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: Dr A. Hemsley
ANTELOPE VALLEY COLLEGE
SPRING 2005
THEORY TEST 4
100 POINTS
STUDENT NAME: ___________________________________
STUDENT I.D. NUMBER: _____________________________
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Perusal time = 10 minutes
Test time = 105 minutes
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Read ALL questions carefully during perusal time, you may write if you wish.
Use the back of each sheet if you do not have enough writing space, but please label each answer.
Question subheadings are NOT of equal points value.
Points allocated for each subheading are shown at the end of the question.
GOOD LUCK!
QUESTION 1 (Total =10 points)
Match entries in the left column with answers from the lettered choices in the right column. Write your letter
choice to the far left of each question in the spaces provided. Use each answer only ONCE.
(1 Point per
correct pair)
_____ 1.
Antimicrobial drug that Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
a.
Chloroquine
_____ 2.
Antimicrobial drug that Inhibits mycolic acid Incorporation
b.
Tetracycline
_____ 3.
Antibiotic with side effect of tooth yellowing
c.
Vancomycin
_____ 4.
Antibiotic with side effect of liver toxicity
d.
Zidovudine
_____ 5.
Antibiotic class that resist penicillinase activity
e.
Isoniazid
_____ 6.
Toxic antibiotic used for cardiac infections
f.
Monobactams
_____ 7.
Synthetic nucleotide analog used to treat HIV
g.
Praziquantel
_____8.
Antibacterial drug that inhibits protein synthesis
h.
Tetracycline
_____ 9.
Drug used in tapeworm treatment
i.
Ethambutol
_____ 10.
Drug used in the treatment of malaria
j.
Chloramphenicol
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QUESTION 2 (Total =10 points)
A.
Name 2 drugs used to treat patients with Influenza
B.
Discuss a strategy used by viruses to increase their chances of survival within the animal host.
(2)
(2)
C.
What is the difference between a natural and semisynthetic penicillin?
(2)
D.
Name 2 target areas for antimicrobial drugs and give an example of a drug that affects each site you have
mentioned
(4)
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QUESTION 3 (Total =20 points)
A.
B.
A patient is admitted into the hospital in serious condition with severe burns to a considerable portion of
his body. After some time in the hospital, he is mobile enough to be able to take a bath . Unfortunately, he
succumbs to a skin infection several days later. The infection produces a dark blue-greenish colored pus.
A Gram negative lactose non-fermenting bacteria is isolated from the infected sites.
What pathogen is likely causing these symptoms?
(4)
Suggest 2 possible reasons why you suspect the pathogen that you named above.
(4)
What could be done to prevent such infections?
(2)
A female patient is admitted to the emergency room with dehydration due to a dysenteric disease. Stool
culture revealed a gram negative, non-lactose fermenting rod-shaped bacteria present in the feces.
Suggest two possible identities for the bacterium
(4)
What questions might you ask, or what tests could you perform to identify the pathogen?
(4)
What treatment might you recommend for the patient?
(2)
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QUESTION 4 (Total =20 points)
A.
Describe the two ways in which the complement protein cascade can be activated.
(4)
B.
Name and describe three outcomes of complement activation.
(6)
C.
Provide one reason why steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used as infrequently as possible?
(2)
D.
Describe the four stages of phagocytosis. Explain how at least 2 different microbes avoid phagocytosis.
Be sure to give the names of the microbes to which you are referring.
(8)
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QUESTION 5 (Total =20 points)
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences. (1 point per correct sentence)
1.
Molecules that stimulate the immune response are known as____________________________.
2.
_______________ _____________ cells attack foreign antigen-bearing cells without prior clonal
stimulation.
3.
The cells of the humoral immune system compartment are called
4.
The “self” molecules that are required to be bound as part of T cell stimulation are called
______________ ______________ complex proteins.
5.
Immunity gained by exposure to a vaccine is known as_______________ _____________ immunity.
6.
Immunity gained by transfer of antibodies across the placenta is known as __________ _____________
immunity.
7.
A very small antigen is known as a ____________________________.
8.
Antibodies have 2 _______________________chains and 2________________________ chains per
molecule.
9.
The antibody class responsible for blood transfusion rejection is ____________________________.
10.
The class of antibody found in exocrine secretions is ____________________________.
11.
The class of antibody that is involved in allergic reactions is ____________________________.
12.
The class of antibody first stimulated upon encounter with an antigen is ____________________________.
13.
_________________ ________________ is the selection process which destroys immune cells that could
attack our own tissues.
14.
White blood cells produce molecules known as ____________________ to stimulate cellular activities and
co-ordinate antimicrobial defences.
15.
Another name for CD4 cells is ___________________________.
16.
Reactions between particulate antigens and antibodies will generate a/an
____________________________
reaction.
17.
In the ELISA test, Ab/Ag binding is detected by ____________________________________________.
18.
In the radioimmunoassay used to detect virus particles in the blood, a patient who does not have the
suspected disease will generate a sample with a ____________________ radioactive count.
19.
Vaccines work least well against the pathogens belonging to the _______________________ group.
20.
The macrophages that help T cells recognize foreign antigens are called _____________________________
.
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____________________________.
QUESTION 6 (Total =20 points)
A.
Name and describe two important bacterial virulence factors. Give examples of the bacteria possessing
them.
(4)
B.
Name and describe two important fungal virulence factors. Give examples of the fungi possessing them.
(4)
C.
Explain why treatment of gram negative bacterial infections with antibiotics can sometimes cause a
patient to experience a worsening of his/her disease.
(4)
D.
In particular, what signs would you expect to worsen?
E.
Describe a treatment we have discussed in class which is sometimes administered along with antibiotics in
treating such an infection. Explain how it would work.
(4)
(4)
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