Download Spring 2008 - Antelope Valley College

BIOLOGY 204
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: Dr A. Hemsley
ANTELOPE VALLEY COLLEGE
SPRING 2008
THEORY TEST 4
100 POINTS
STUDENT NAME: ___________________________________
STUDENT I.D. NUMBER: _____________________________
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Perusal time = 10 minutes
Test time = 105 minutes
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Read ALL questions carefully during perusal time, you may write if you wish.
Use the back of each sheet if you do not have enough writing space, but please label each answer.
Question subheadings are NOT of equal points value.
Points allocated for each subheading are shown at the end of the question.
GOOD LUCK!
QUESTION 1 (Total =10 points)
Match entries in the left column with answers from the lettered choices in the right column. Write your letter
choice to the far left of each question in the spaces provided. Use each answer only ONCE.
(1 Point per
correct pair)
_____ 1.
Antimicrobial drug that Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
a.
Chloroquine
_____ 2.
Antimicrobial drug that Inhibits mycolic acid Incorporation
b.
Tetracycline
_____ 3.
Antibiotic with side effect of tooth discoloration
c.
Isoniazid
_____ 4.
Antibiotic with side effect of deafness
d.
Zidovudine
_____ 5.
Antibiotic class that resist penicillinase activity
e.
Rifampin
_____ 6.
Soluble antibiotic used for intracellular bacterial infections
f.
Monobactams
_____ 7.
Synthetic nucleotide analog used to treat HIV
g.
Praziquantel
_____8.
Antibiotic that may rarely cause aplastic anemia
h.
Streptomycin
_____ 9.
Drug used in tapeworm treatment
i.
Ethambutol
_____ 10.
Drug used in the treatment of malaria
j.
Chloramphenicol
page 1
QUESTION 2 (Total =10 points)
A.
Name 2 target molecules within fungal cells where antimicrobial drugs may work and name a drug for each
target.
(4)
B.
Discuss a strategy used by viruses to increase their chances of survival within the animal host.
(2)
C.
Name 2 target areas for antibacterial drugs and give an example of a drug that affects each site you have
mentioned
(4)
page 2
QUESTION 3 (Total =20 points)
A.
What are 3 differences between endotoxins and exotoxins?
each difference category that you choose.
Be sure to describe both the toxin types for
(6)
B.
What are cytokines? Name one possible therapeutic application for recombinant cytokines. (4)
C.
Describe the way in which a T-dependent antigen (Ag) stimulates antibody production. What type of
molecule is this Ag likely to be?
(6)
D.
What is a toxoid? Explain how these can be used in vaccine production.
(4)
page 3
QUESTION 4 (Total =20 points)
A.
Describe the two ways in which the complement protein cascade can be activated.
(4)
B.
Name and describe three outcomes of complement activation.
(6)
C.
Provide one reason why steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used as infrequently as possible?
(2)
D.
Describe the four stages of phagocytosis. Explain how at least 2 different microbes avoid phagocytosis.
Be sure to give the names of the microbes to which you are referring.
(8)
page 4
QUESTION 5 (Total =20 points)
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences. (1 point per correct sentence)
1.
Molecules that stimulate the immune response are known as____________________________.
2.
_______________ _____________ cells attack foreign antigen-bearing cells without “self” proteins on
their surfaces.
3.
The cells of the humoral immune system compartment are called
4.
The “self” molecules that are required to be bound as part of T cell stimulation are called
______________ ______________ complex proteins.
5.
Immunity gained by exposure to a vaccine is known as_______________ _____________ immunity.
6.
Immunity gained by transfer of antibodies across the placenta is known as __________ _____________
immunity.
7.
A very small antigen is known as a ____________________________.
8.
Antibodies have 2 _______________________chains and 2________________________ chains per
molecule.
9.
The antibody class responsible for blood transfusion rejection is ____________________________.
10.
The class of antibody found in exocrine secretions is ____________________________.
11.
The class of antibody that is involved in allergic reactions is ____________________________.
12.
The class of antibody first stimulated upon encounter with an antigen is ____________________________.
13.
_________________ ________________ is the selection process which destroys immune cells that could
attack our own tissues.
14.
White blood cells produce molecules known as ____________________ to stimulate cellular activities and
co-ordinate antimicrobial defences.
15.
Another name for CD4 cells is ___________________________.
16.
Reactions between particulate antigens and antibodies will generate a/an
____________________________
reaction.
17.
In the ELISA test, Ab/Ag binding is detected by ____________________________________________.
18.
The human body produces _____________________ to sequester iron atoms away from bacteria.
19.
Bacteria produce _____________________ to bind host iron atoms .
20.
Molecules bacteria use for attachment to host cells are called _______________ .
____________________________.
page 5
QUESTION 6 (Total =20 points)
A.
Name and describe two important bacterial virulence factors. Give examples of the bacteria possessing
them.
(4)
B.
Name and describe two important fungal virulence factors. Give examples of the fungi possessing them.
(4)
C.
Explain why treatment of gram negative bacterial infections with antibiotics can sometimes cause a
patient to experience a worsening of his/her disease.
(4)
D.
In particular, what signs would you expect to worsen?
E.
Describe a treatment we have discussed in class which is sometimes administered along with antibiotics in
treating such an infection. Explain how it would work.
(4)
(4)
page 6