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Download Immunology targets: Explain the role of pathogens in illness
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Immunology targets: 1. Explain the role of pathogens in illness 2. Describe the relationship between antigens and antibodies 3. Describe autoimmune diseases 4. Propose the sequence of events that the immune system takes to fight an infection the first time, the second time, and after a vaccine (Notebook paper, fold hotdog, cut first line and every third line from fold to margin. Cut along fold = 2 12 tab lists. Line of glue down uncut side and into notebook. Write word on front and definition in notebook under tab.) Pathogen – organism that causes illness Bacteria – unicellular, prokaryotic Virus – non-living, nucleic acids wrapped in protein Parasite – organisms that live on or inside other organisms Infection – invasion by a pathogen Immune System – body system that protects the body from pathogens Mucous membranes – Internal body surfaces that come into contact with the environment Inflammatory response – redness, swelling, and heat (or fever) at the site of an infection Leukocytes – white blood cells – soldiers of immune system that attack pathogens Phagocytes –leukocyte that engulf any pathogens to destroy them Natural killer cells – leukocytes that destroy your own cells infected with any pathogen Macrophages – leukocytes that engulf any pathogens and display their antigens Immune response – attack on specific pathogens Antigen – marker proteins that trigger an immune response Antibodies – Y shaped proteins that bind to specific antigens Lymphocytes – leukocytes that attack specific pathogens T-Cell – regulate immune response and kill your cells infected with specific pathogens B-Cell - Make the antibodies that kill specific pathogens Memory Cells – B and T cells for specific pathogens that are stored to be used next time Vaccine – solution with harmless pathogens Immunity – resistance to an illness Antibiotics – medicines that attack bacteria, useless against viruses. Allergy – Immune response to something that is not a pathogen Autoimmune Disease – disease caused when you make antibodies to “self” Other words in the book – do you know them? -Epidermis -Cilia -Puncture -Acid -Secreted -Consume -Epithelial -Phagocytosis -Impermeable -Pus -Nasal -Homeostasis -Enzyme -Recognition -Pharynx -Blood transfusion -Respiratory tract -Capillaries - Nonspecific - Specific -influenza -expelled -transform -engulf -defenses -viral -stimulate In: Describe 3 things that you are told to do to avoid getting sick. Show the video on germ theory. Germ Theory (Louis Pasteur 1822-1895) A specific microorganism causes a specific disease Germ = pathogen= disease causing microorganism If you prevent contamination by the microorganism, you prevent the disease Led to washing, treating disease with medicines (antibiotics), pasteurization Thinking of the things you are told to do to avoid getting sick, how well are those actions supported by the germ theory? Susie says she was out sledding, got sweaty and cold, and so she caught a cold. Using the germ theory, explain what is wrong with her conclusion. On your IN page, list out the entire alphabet. Play the HIV simulation with one person infected. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/activities/AIDS2001/cf/control.cfm Fill in with the alphabet. Show first elisa results and then stop when you get to the epidemiology screen. Use your listed alphabet to eliminate who could not be the initial carrier of the disease. Based on your results, who was the initially infected person? Go to the elisa results to see if you are right. Timeline of an infection: What pathogen does 1. Pathogen gets to your body 2. Pathogen gets inside your body 3. Pathogen survives initial defenses of your body 4. Pathogen multiplies and starts destroying tissue What your body does Your body tries to block it with external barriers Your body tries to kill it with general attacks – innate response Uh-oh! You didn’t kill it. You start feeling sick. Your body finds a specific attack and fights back - acquired response Innate Response Non-Specific – always there, fights anything invading, quick Prevent infection from getting inside o Skin o Mucous membranes and cilia Kill it before it can multiply o Phagocytes o Natural killer cells o Inflammatory response o Macrophages Their display of antigens activates the acquired response Acquired Response Specific Responses– must be made, fights only a specific invader, slow Pathogen has already multiplied and caused damage; you are sick Free roaming pathogens o The antigen on the pathogen triggers body to make specific antibodies o Antibody and antigen fit together like lock & key/enzyme & substrate o Antibodies cause the pathogen to clump and not move. o Makes it easier for leukocytes to find and destroy it. o B cell make antibodies, but it takes time to make the right B cell Pathogens hidden inside cells o T Cells use receptors (not antibodies) to find cells infected with specific pathogens and then kills the infected cell o Receptor fits to parts of pathogen (lock & key/ enzyme & substrate) o Takes time to make the right T cell o HIV mainly infects these cells Memory cells – B and T cells that do not fight but remain to fight second infections o If the same thing infects, the B and T cells are ready to fight it immediately. o You may not even know you were infected, as you might not even get sick o Vaccines are injected into your body so your body will make the memory cells. Ideas for further work Story book Review – DONE- Draw a story book, showing what tried to stop me along the way. Title page (then blank). Introduction of the rhinovirus. Page on what will try to stop me before I get into you, page on what will try to stop me once I get in, Page showing that I’ve infected your lungs and you are sick. Page showing what tries to stop me specifically now that I’ve made you sick. Page that shows what will happen if I try to infect you again. Vaccine Activity – see share drive. Chart – Part of Immune system, primary or secondary immune response antibody, B cell, inflammatory response, macrophage, Memory cells, mucous membrane, natural killer cells, Phagocyte, Receptors, skin, T cell, vaccine. Venn Diagram Primary vs secondary immune response, or compare and contrast? I’m a rhinovirus, which means I infect your nose. You know me as the common cold. I got sneezed near you. Place in order the things I will encounter that will try to prevent me from getting you sick.