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Chromosomal Mutations Notes Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders Large-scale chromosomal alterations often lead to spontaneous abortions or cause a variety of developmental disorders, or even cancers. Breakage of a chromosome can lead to four types of changes in chromosome structure: Gene and Chromosome Mutation Worksheet 9. Match the chromosome mutation with its description. ____1. Translocation ____2. Inversion A). A portion of the chromosome is missing or deleted. Known disorders in humans include WolfHirschhorn syndrome, which is caused by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4; Cri du chat syndrome is due to a partial deletion of the short are of chromosome number 5. ____3. Deletion ____4. Duplication B). A portion of the chromosome is duplicated, resulting in extra genetic material. Known human disorders include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A which may be caused by duplication of the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) on chromosome 17. C). When a portion of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome. Sometimes, parts of different chromosomes switch places. D). A portion of the chromosome has broken off, turned upside down and reattached, therefore the genetic material is backward. 10. Why are chromosome mutations potentially more serious than gene mutations?