Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Blood–brain barrier wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Alzheimer's disease wikipedia , lookup
Do Now 2/9/15 1. Describe possible causes for forgetting a memory. 2. Compare and contrast semantic and episodic memories. Nervous System Diseases Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Description • Characterized by tight muscles, muscle spasms, involuntary movements, problems with balance, and uncoordinated walking • Can be minor (clumsiness) to severe (inability to move) • Motor issues may be accompanied by learning disabilities Cerebral Palsy Causes • Damage to the motor control centers of the brain during pregnancy, birth, or up to age two Cerebral Palsy Treatment • No cure • Physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, wheelchairs can be used to help improve symptoms Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Description • Characterized by muscle weakness, spasms, or paralysis • Problems with speech or swallowing • Fatigue, chronic pain, nausea, vomiting • Can be episodic (occur at random times) or progressive (gets worse with time) • Lesions can be seen on the brain and spinal cord Multiple Sclerosis Causes • Autoimmune disorder • Antibodies attack and destroy the Schwann cells & myelin around the axons of the brain and spine making it very difficult for nerve impulses to move quickly – More energy is needed to restore resting membrane potential Multiple Sclerosis Treatment • No cure • Inflammation of CNS can be treated with highdose steroids • Symptoms can be managed with medication and rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, etc.) Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Description • Tremors (especially hands) • Rigidity of joints, slowness of movement • As it progresses, loss of the ability to walk (stay balanced) and move Parkinson’s Disease Causes • Destruction of dopamine-secreting cells in the major pathways of the brain Parkinson’s Disease Treatments • No cure • Medications that can increase dopamine production to reduce symptoms and slow progress Epilepsy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV40H_gNJo Epilepsy Description • Chronic seizures • Sometimes has a trigger – Stress, flashing lights, strenuous physical activity Epilepsy Causes Variety of causes • Genetic disorder causing Na+ channels in neurons to stay open too long – Causes repeated impulses down the neuron • Brain tumors Epilepsy Treatment • Anticonvulsant medications • Surgery in extreme cases Huntington’s Disease Huntington’s Disease • http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1j0j5_hu ntingtons-disease_news Huntington’s Disease Description • Usual onset around the ages 35-40 • Physical motions become jerky at onset then more uncontrolled as time progresses • Cognitive function and memory deteriorate Huntington’s Disease Causes • Genetic disorder that leads to the production of a protein that damages areas of the brain Huntington’s Disease Treatment • Drugs to help manage jerky motion Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis Description • Characterized by headache, neck stiffness, fever, confusion or altered mental state • Inability to tolerate light and loud noises • Life threatening! Meningitis Causes • A bacterial or viral infection of the protective lining of the brain and spinal cord (meninges) Meningitis Treatment • If bacterial, antibiotics • Viral can be treated by dealing with symptoms because antivirals are often not that effective Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Description • Starts as an inability to acquire new memories and inability to recall facts • As it progresses, loss of long term memory, confusion, and mood swings become common • Eventually loss of control of body functions and death Alzheimer’s Disease Causes • Plaques and tangles form in the brain leading to a loss of neurons and atrophy (death) of the affected area – Caused by a misfolded protein that causes the deposits to form Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment • No cure • Diet, exercise, and mental stimulation may reduce changes