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Download Population Genetics Vocabulary - Liberty Union High School District
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Population All the individuals of a species that live together in one area at one time Natural Selection Populations changing in response to their environment Genetic Variation The differences between individuals, created during meiosis and crossing over Allele Frequency The relative amount of an allele for a gene within a population. Mutations Changes within our DNA, and the ultimate source of genetic variability which natural selection acts on Survival of the Fittest survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to their environment Survival Making it to reproductive age Fitness Producing enough offspring to survive Genetic Drift A change in allele frequency mainly do to small population size, such as Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome Gene Flow Changes in the gene pool of a population due to an introduction of genes from another gene pool, such as Vietnam. Gene Pool All the genes of all members of a particular population Founders Effect Changes in a gene pool when a small population moves to a new location,& brings only a small fraction of genes/variation seen in the parent population, such as The Galapagos Finches Cladistics Using a branched diagram to show the relationship of organisms to their common ancestor. Bottleneck Effect Changes in a gene pool due to overhunting or natural disaster which leads to a population that no longer genetically represents the original population, such as Cheetahs Stabilizing Selection Directional Selection A form of natural selection in which both extremes of the phenotypes are selected against and eliminated. Diversifying Selection A form of natural selection in which both extreme phenotypes are selected for, while the average phenotype is eliminated. Divergent Evolution The type of evolution that results from populations being isolated and then evolving independently, such as Polar and Grizzly bears. Convergent Evolution The type of evolution that causes unrelated species to become more similar because of the environment they live in, such as sharks and dolphins Co-Evolution The type of evolution that is due to species interacting and adapting to each other, such as hummingbirds and flowers Adaptive Radiation The evolution of many diverse species from one common ancestor such as, Darwin’s Finches Vestigial Structures Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor but no longer serves a purpose Homologous Structures A body part that is similar in structure but serves a different function for the organism such as whale fins and dog legs Analogous Structures Biochemical Evidence A body part that is similar in Function but is different structurally such as bird and bat wings Fossils A form of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is selected against Using DNA to determine relationships and similarity between organisms The remains or impression of a prehistoric organism that can be used to show how related species have changed over time