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Immunology Exam + Key Answers Below
1. Memory T cells tend to extravasate to sites of former infection. This movement is
most likely directed by _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
antibodies
inflammatory cytokines
cell adhesion molecules
signaling via class I and II MHC
mast cells, which weaken local connections between endothelial cells
2. The HEV, a specific phenotype of the lining of the blood vessels, is used to direct
______ into secondary lymphoid tissue.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
macrophages and monocytes
B and T cells
basophils and eosinophils
sentinel dendritic cells
neutrophils
3. Which of the following does NOT promote an inflammatory response?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
necrotic (as opposed to apoptotic) tissue
fibrinopeptides released from a blood clot
prostaglandins and arachandoic acid
TNFα, IFNγ and IL-6
prednisone and ibuprofen
4. NKT cells resemble TH cells in that they ________ and NK cells in that they
______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
recognize peptide epitopes;
recognize peptide epitopes;
use CD4;
use CD4;
arise in the bone marrow
have CD16, the antibody Fc receptor
arise in the bone marrow
have CD16, the antibody Fc receptor
5. This drawing (figure 13.5b) shows chemokine binding,
leading a conformation change in ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
integrin
mucin
immunoglobulin CAM
selectin
6. Scientists develop a number of mutant lines of mice with defective CTLs. Which
of these will be able to kill viral-infected cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cells with non-functioning perforin genes
cells with non-functioning FAS-ligand genes
cells with non-functioning versions of both perforin and FAS-ligand genes
A and B will both be able to kill cells.
None of these cells will be able to kill cells.
7. Both NK cells and macrophages recognize and destroy self cells by recognizing
______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
foreign antigen on MHC I
foreign antigen on MHC II
abnormally low levels of MHC I
antibodies bound to the surface of a cell
complement bound to the surface of a cell
8. People with Di George Syndrome and nude mice share a genetic defect resulting
in no thymus. What additional characteristic is common to both syndromes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Both result from a defective X-linked recessive.
Both result from an autosomal dominant deletion.
Both result in the affected individual being bald or lacking fur.
Both leave the organism particularly vulnerable to extracellular bacteria.
Both interfere with development of neural crest-derived structures.
9. Both Type II and Type III hypersensitivity reactions typically involve ______
antibodies.
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgG
D. IgD
E. IgE
10. Type II and Type III hypersensitivity reactions are similar in that NEITHER
reaction ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
involves attack by TC cells
takes place within 30 minutes after exposure to antigen
is likely to result in kidney damage
can be evoked by exposure to a pathogen
11. Type II hypersensitivity differs from Type III in that ________.
A. mast cells trigger II, neutrophils trigger III
B. in II phagocytes attack cells with surface antibody, in III they engulf immune
complexes
C. penicillin has not been identified as a trigger of II, but it does trigger III
D. II puts a person at risk for kidney damage, III does not
E. Type II is a runaway TH2 response, Type III is a runaway TH1 response.
12. Allergists sometimes treat patients by injecting them with the very allergen they
are sensitive to. Why?
A. If the allergen is present in high enough titers, it may be mistaken for a self
protein and ignored.
B. The allergen may trigger the production of IgG, and thus prevent IgE-triggered
responses.
C. An injection into muscle will divert the immune response from the upper
respiratory tract.
D. This prevents the allergen from denaturing as it crosses an epithelial barrier.
E. These guys are quacks and will try anything if they can get money for it.
13. Degranulation of mast cells is most directly triggered by ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
activation of toll-like receptors
calcium entrance into the cell
histamine stimulation
IgE binding to the Fc receptor
14. Exposure to dogs and sheep is most likely to prevent _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
malignancy
multiple sclerosis
transplant rejection
excess activity of Treg cells
asthma
15. The inflammation that results from a mosquito bite is different from the
inflammation that results from a positive TB skin test in that the reaction to the
mosquito bite _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
does not require prior sensitization
takes more time to appear
results primarily from antibody-antigen interactions
involves basophils, mast cells and TC cells
16. TDTH cells are a subset of _______ T cells
A. TH1
B. TH2
C. TC
D. γδ
E. Treg
17. When considering rejection of tissue transplants, a “second set,” or hyperacute,
response differs from a first set response in that it involves __________.
A. a larger number of immune cells, brought in by rapid vascularization of the
graft
B. tissue damage brought about by activated CTLs
C. antibodies, which mark the tissue for ADCC
D. coordination of the response by TDTH cells
E. recognition of foreign MHC I and II
18. Which of the following disease agents typically does NOT multiply in the host?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Trichophytan tonsurans (ringworm)
SARS (corona virus)
Schistoma mansoni (Platyhelminth)
Plasmodium falciparum (malaria)
All of these typically multiply in the host.
19. Fungal infections tend to be limited to superficial layers of the skin because ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
they require some exposure to sunlight in order to grow
their preferred food source is dead skin cells
they grow better at cooler temperatures
they can avoid exposure to cells with innate pattern receptors
20. Most people contract tuberculosis from/by ________.
A. airborne entry into the lungs
B. sewage contamination
C. insect vectors
D. personal contact, including sexual intercourse
E. contaminated surfaces, by hand to eye or nose contact
21. CCL5 promotes resistance to and recovery from ________ disease by promoting
________ in/of macrophages.
A.
B.
C.
D.
viral;
viral;
bacterial;
bacterial;
phagocytosis
survival
phagocytosis
survival
22. Malaria has applied strong selective pressures on human populations. Humans
are undergoing natural selection of versions of the gene for _______, which
prevents us from contracting malaria.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DDT
glycophorin C
hemoglobin
granulolysin
class M antibody
23. Which disease agent has hundreds of genes for different forms of surface coat
proteins, allowing it to change surface antigen without evolving?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
trypanosomes
tapeworms
yeast
influenza virus
diphtheria bacteria
24. Lapses in previously successful immunization programs have led to a
reemergence of ________ as a serious public health hazard.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
influenza
diphtheria
tuberculosis
malaria
SARS
25. In which of the following situations can you transplant tissue from a blood type A
individual into a blood type O recipient?
A. When the recipient is a young infant
B. When the donor has Di George Syndrome
C. When donor and recipient are perfect matches for all classical MHC I and II
alleles
D. When the recipient is completely immune-suppressed
E. This is not something you can ever do successfully.
26. The current standard of pediatric care in the US includes the use of Salk polio
vaccine and not Sabine. Why? Salk is ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
more able to produce a lasting immunity
a product of American technology
does not have to be injected
cheaper to produce
safer
MHC allele
Recipient
Donor 1
Donor 2
Donor 3
Ib




Ih




Ip




Iv




Iz




II3




II7




II11




II15




The above diagram shows the partial results of tissue typing of a patient needing a
transplant and three possible donors who may be able to provide tissue or organs to
the patient. Darkened circles indicate a positive reaction to antibodies for the
particular allele of either class I or class II MHC; open circles indicate no reaction.
For questions 27 through 29, use the following choices:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Donor 1
Donor 2
Donor 3
Any of these donors
None of these donors
27. Which is the best donor to use for a corneal transplant?
28. Which is the best donor to use for a kidney transplant?
29. Which is the best donor to use for a bone marrow transplant?
30. Passive and active immunity are similar in that they BOTH ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
result in the production of memory cells that recognize the pathogenic antigen
take about two weeks after treatment to become effective
involve recognition of a pathogenic antigen by antibodies
can result in a patient getting serum sickness
are principally innate responses
31. Passive and active immunity differ in that ONLY the passive _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
results from supplying the patient with antibodies from another organism
risks making the patient sick from a reaction to the therapy
uses immune elements that are part of the adaptive response
defends the patient with a primarily cellular response
provides protection that will last a year or more
32. In which of the following situations would you be most likely to perform a mixed
lymphocyte reaction?
A. Prior to transplanting a kidney from one identical twin into another
B. Prior to transplanting bone marrow from one sibling into another sibling with
a different MHC haplotype
C. Prior to transplanting a liver from a cadaver into a patient with a similar, but
not identical, haplotype
D. Prior to transplanting skin from one area to a patient to a region that had been
severely burned
33. Inoculation with FluMist is unlikely to lead to a severe reaction because _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The virus only grows in the cooler temperatures of the upper respiratory tract.
The virus can only mount an effective infection on duck or chicken cells.
FluMist is a killed vaccine, and cannot multiply in the host.
The virus has been adapted to grow in a medium containing bile and will not
grow well without it.
E. The vaccine does not contain an adjuvant.
34. What advantage does a conjugate vaccine have over traditional (killed or
attenuated pathogen) vaccines?
A. It can be used in immune suppressed patients.
B. It can activate TH cells against bacterial polysaccharides.
C. It can activate B cells to produce antibodies to bacterial polysaccharides.
D. It can enter they cytoplasm directly, quickly activating TC cells.
E. It produces a much faster response.
35. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a DNA vaccine over traditional
(killed or attenuated pathogen) vaccines?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1C
2B
3E
4D
5A
6D
7D
8E
9C
10A
11B
12B
13B
14E
15C
16A
17C
18C
19D
20A
21B
22B
23A
24B
25A
26E
27D
28B
29E
30C
31A
32C
33A
34B
35D
Need not be refrigerated.
Can carry instructions to produce antigens from more than one pathogen.
Delivered via “gene gun:” efficient delivery system.
Provides a stronger immune response in humans than most vaccines.
Can immunize a patient without exposing them to an entire deadly pathogen.