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Biology Final Exam Review Your final exam is 100pts and will cover material from the second semester. The list below is an overview of the chapters we covered and includes some of the key terms and concepts that you should know to be successful on the exam. Genetics (Chapters 11/14) Monohybrid cross Punnett square Genotype Phenotype Dominant Recessive Incomplete dominance Co-dominance Sex-linked traits Homozygous Heterozygous Multiple alleles DNA/ RNA/ Protein synthesis (Chapter 12) Nucleotide Bases-adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, (uracil) Replication Transcription Translation Ribose Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA Evolution (Chapters 15/16) Darwin Natural selection Survival of the fittest Common ancestor Vestigial structures Homologous structures Classification/Intro to kingdoms (Chapter 18) Binomial nomenclature Scientific names (Genus species) Six Kingdoms-name them, know basic characteristics Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Eukaryote vs. prokaryote Bacteria/Viruses (Chapter 19) Bacterial shapes Benefits of bacteria Photoautotroph vs. chemoautotroph Binary fission Antibiotics Viral structure Diseases caused by viruses and bacteria Protista/Fungi (Chapters 20/21) Examples of protists and fungi Characteristics of protists and fungi Important roles of protists and fungi Types of locomotion: pseudopods, cilia, flagella Plants (Chapters 22-24) Adaptations for land living Non-vascular plants-characteristics, examples Vascular plants-characteristics, examples Xylem and phloem Fruit, seed, ovary Angiosperms, monocot, dicot Flower structure- MALE-stamen, anther, pollen FEMALE-pistil, stigma, ovules, ovary Seed dispersal types Intro to animals/ Invertebrate phyla (Chapters 26-29) Symmetry types Porifera- examples, symmetry Cnidaria- examples, symmetry Platyhelminthes- examples, symmetry Annelida- examples, symmetry, segmentation Mollusca- examples, symmetry Arthropoda- examples, symmetry molting, metamorphosis Echinodermata- examples, symmetry, tube-feet, water vascular system Chordates (Chapters 30-32) Classes of vertebrates and examples