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Chapter 40: The Body’s Defense: The Immune System
Name
AP Biology
Date
Mr. Mennecke
1. Humoral, or B cell immunity, is based on
a. Circulation of antibodies in the blood
b. Circulation of antibodies in the lymph
c. Defense against free viruses and free bacteria
d. All of the above
2. Cell-mediated, or T cell immunity, is based on
a. Defense against intracellular pathogens
b. Destruction of infected cells
c. Defense against transplanted tissue and cancer cells
d. All of the above
3. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
a. Codes for a group of cell surface proteins involved in immunity
b. Codes for proteins that form complexes with certain cytokines
c. Is important mainly in allergic reactions
d. Is Y shaped
4. Cells that have a surface marker called CD4 are
a. Natural killer cells (NK)
c. Helper T cells
b. Cytotoxic T cells
d. B cells
5. A substance that is recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(n)
a. Antibody
c. Interferon
b. Antigen
d. Immunoglobulin
6. Cytokines
a. Are regulatory nucleic acids
b. Prevent the inflammatory response
c. Include interferons and interleukins
d. Are immunoglobulins
7. _______ are barriers to pathogens at body surfaces
a. intact skin, mucous membranes
d. urine flow
b. tears, saliva, gastric fluid
e. all of the above
c. resident bacteria
8. Macrophages are derived from
a. Basophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophils
9. the most important antigens are
a. nucleotides
b. triglycerides
c. proteins
d. monosaccharides
10. ________ would be a target of an effector cytotoxic T cell.
a. Extracellular virus particles in blood
c. Bacterial cells in a pus pocket
b. A virus infected body cell or tumor cell
d. Pollen grains in nasal mucus
11. Development of a secondary immune response is based on populations of
a. Memory cells
c. Effector cytotoxic T cells
b. Circulating antibodies
d. Effector B cells
12. An individual with type AB blood
a. Is considered a universal blood donor
b. Is considered a universal blood recipient
c. Produces antibodies to the B antigen
d. Produces antibodies to the A antigen
Chapter 40: The Body’s Defense: The Immune System
Matching:
13. inflammation
14. antibody secretion
15. a phagocyte
16. immunological memory
17. vaccination
18. allergy
a. neutrophil
b. effector B cell
c. nonspecific response
d. deliberately provoking an immune response
e. basis of secondary response
f. non-protective immune response
19. When B cells make antibodies against extracellular pathogens, it is called a
a. Cell-mediated response
c. Active immune response
b. Passive immune response
d. Humoral response
20. When cytotoxic T cells counter intracellular pathogens, it is called
a. Cell-mediated response
c. Active immune response
b. Humoral response
d. Passive immune response
21. Interferons
a. Are similar to histamines
b. Are secreted by viruses
c. Inhibit virus production in neighboring cells
d. Trigger a local inflammatory response
22. Which of the following processes results in long term immunity?
a. The passage of maternal antibodies to her developing fetus or her nursing infant
b. The inflammatory response to a splinter
c. The administration of serum obtained from people immune to rabies
d. The administration of the chickenpox vaccine
23. Which of the following molecules is incorrectly paired with a source?
a. Lysozyme – tears
c. Perforins – cytotoxic T cells
b. Interferons - virus-infected cells
d. Immunoglobulins – helper T cells
24. Type O blood can safely be given to persons of blood type
a. A
d. O
b. B
e. All of the above are true
c. AB
25. Which of the following is not part of the first line barrier to microbial infection in humans?
a. Gastric juices
c. Skin
b. Pluripotent stem cell production
d. Lysozymes in tears
26. When B cells make antibodies against extracellular pathogens, it is called a
a. Cell-mediated response
c. Active immune response
b. Humoral response
d. Passive immune response
27. When cytotoxic T cells counter intracellular pathogens, activated by cytokines & class I MHC-antigen
complexes on a target cell, it is called
a. Cell-mediated response
c. Active immune response
b. Humoral response
d. Passive immune response
28. An antigen is a substance
a. That elicits an immune response
b. Similar to an immunoglobulin
c. Produced by B cells
d. Produced by T cells
29. The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions.
Why are these regions called variable?
a. They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen.
b. Their specific shapes are unimportant.
c. They can be different shapes on different antibody molecules.
d. Their sizes vary considerably from one antibody to another.
Chapter 40: The Body’s Defense: The Immune System
30. Interferons
a. Inhibit virus production in neighboring cells and are secreted by virus-infected cells
b. Halt the production of B immune cells
c. Are similar to histamines in that they trigger a local inflammatory response
d. Halt the production of T immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells
31. Injured cells release histamine, a chemical that
a. Causes dilation & increased permeability of blood vessels
b. Allows fluid & large numbers of phagocytic white blood cells to enter the tissue
c. Triggers a local inflammatory response
d. Both a and b
e. All of the above
32. An antibody is
a. An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells
b. An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by T cells
c. functions as the macrophage in an immune response
d. functions as the APC in an immune response
33. Memory cells, part of the secondary immune responses to an antigen encountered more than once,
work quickly in protecting the body. Memory cells are which type of cells?
a. Lymphocytes
c. Platelets
b. Phagocytes
d. Erythrocytes
34. Lymphocytes circulate throughout the blood and lymph and are found in high numbers in
a. Tumors
c. The skin
b. Bone marrow
d. Lymph nodes
35. An opportunistic disease characteristic of a deficient cell-mediated immune response is usually what
kills an AIDS patient. What does the HIV virus target?
a. CD4-bearing T cells
c. Macrophages
b. Helper T cells
d. Some B cells
36. AIDS is transmitted by
a. Kissing
b. Air borne means
c. Mosquitoes
d. Direct transfer of infected cells
37. A typical antibody
a. Has a Y shape
b. Has IgG and IgD components
c. Suppresses allergic reactions
d. Attacks cancer cells
38. HIV
a. Is a retrovirus
b. Destroys helper T cells
c. Causes AIDS
d. All of the above
39. When a person is exposed to the same antigen a second time, the response
a. Is called a secondary immune response
c. Is less intense
b. Is more rapid
d. a and b only
40. The idea behind vaccination is to induce _____ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick.
a. passive immunity
c. the primary immune response
b. inflammation
d. nonspecific defenses
41. The biggest difference between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity is
a. how long their protection lasts.
b. whether a subsequent secondary immune response can occur.
c. how they respond to and dispose of invaders.
d. how fast they can respond to an invader.
Chapter 40: The Body’s Defense: The Immune System
42. Viruses and bacteria in body fluids are attacked by
a. antibodies from B cells.
c. helper T cells.
b. cytotoxic T cells.
d. antigens.
43. Active immunity is
a. when the immune system responds to a foreign antigen acquired by natural infection or by
immunization
b. when the immune system responds to injection of artificial antibodies
c. when antibodies of the immune system of one person is transferred to the immune system
of a second person
d. when IgG antibodies are transferred through mother to fetus or when IgA passes from
mother to infant in breast milk
44. Passive immunity is
a. When antibodies form an animal immune to a disease are injected into another animal,
conferring short-term protection
b. when antibodies of the immune system of one person is transferred to the immune system
of a second person
c. when IgG antibodies are transferred through mother to fetus or when IgA passes from
mother to infant in breast milk
d. all of the above
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