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Download Unit 6: Psychopathology Name: I. Defining Psychological Disorders
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Unit 6: Psychopathology Name: I. Defining Psychological Disorders • A. Harmful dysfunctions • B. Becomes harmful when behavior is… • C. Standards of this harmful behavior … II. Medical Model • A. The idea that diseases have… • B. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be… III. Bio-psycho-social Perspective • A. Contemporary perspective which assumes… IV. Classifying Psychological Disorders • A. – 1. • B. Diagnose people in terms if their _____________ • C. Some do not like the negative connotation of the diagnosis… • D. _______________ V. Rates of Psychological Disorders • A. World Health Organization (WHO, 2000) research said… • B. ____ in ____ Americans suffers from clinically significant mental disorders (similar statistics in Britain and Australia) VI. Anxiety Disorders • A. Anxiety is part of ______ • B. Disorders – 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 2. Panic Disorder – 3. Phobias – 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • A. Definition• B. Symptoms: – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. • • C. Worse partD. Effects _________ (2/3) more than _____ 2. Panic Disorder • A. Characterized by… • • 3. • • • • B. Can be misperceived as a _________ ________ C. Can lead to… Phobias A. Characterized by focused… B. Some people live with __________ everyday C. Some phobias are _____________________ D. When the phobia prevents… 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) • A. Characterized by unwanted… • • B. _______ of people suffer from the disorder C. Onset is usually in… VII. Learning Perspective of Anxiety Disorders • A. Fear conditioning• B. Stimulus generalization- • C. Reinforcement- • D. Observational learning- VIII. Biological Perspective of Anxiety Disorders • A. Natural Selection• B. Genes- • C. Physiology- IX. Mood Disorders • A. Psychological disorders characterized by… • B. Disorders – 1. – 2. 1. Major Depressive Disorder • A. Depression is the… • B. It’s a kind of psychic hibernation• C. Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood for a period of longer than 2 weeks without any notable cause – 1. Symptoms include: 2. Bipolar Disorder • A. Manic episode• B. Bipolar Disorder• C. Occurs in only 1% of the population; X. Explaining Mood Disorders • A. Many ______________ and _______________ changes accompany depression • B. Depression is ______________ • C. Women are _______ as vulnerable to depression as men are • D. Most major depressive episodes … • E. Stressful events related to… XI. Statistics • A. Depression is _______________ – 1. ________ of _________________ interviewed reported symptoms of depression – 2. Today’s young adults are … – 3. Similar statistics can be seen… XII. Biological Cause of Mood Disorders • A. Runs in families – 1. If one twins suffers from major depressive disorder… – • 2. If one identical twin suffers from bipolar disorder… B. The depressed brain: – 1. Lack of… • a. Drugs that alleviate mania _____________ _______________and drugs that alleviate depression _________________ __________________ or ____________________ – – 2. Brains tend to be… 3. MRI scans have shown that the frontal lobe of severely depressed patients is… XIII. Social Cognitive Causes of Mood Disorders • A. Self-defeating beliefs• B. Depresses people tend to explain problems with… • C. Negative thoughts feed… • D. Depressed people tend to react… – • 1. Their self-esteem _____________ more rapidly up and down based on… E. Effects women more than men; – 1. The focus on thinking for __________ tends to lead to… XIV. The steps to depression… • A. • B. • C. • D. • Back to #1 again…. • It’s a cycle! XV. Dissociative Disorders • A. Characterized by… • B. The detachment can help a person by… • C. Dissociative Identity Disorder- • • D. Highly… E. Each personality has its own… • – 1. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde F. Dissociative Identity Disorder – 1. – 2. G. Some case studies have shown… • H. Disorder is ______ in other countries • XVI. Personality Disorders • A. Characterized by… • • • B. Many different types C. Antisocial personality disorder (formerly called ___________ or ______________) D. Antisocial personality disorder – 1. Characterized by… – – – – – – 2. Mostly _____ 3.Can be seen in children ______ yrs old 4. 5. 6. React with… 7. Decreased activity in the ___________ _________ XVII. Schizophrenia • A. The translation for schizophrenia is “split mind”- the split from reality (not of personalities) • B. Symptoms of Schizophrenia • 1. Disorganized Thought – a. Schizophrenics thoughts… – b. Their thoughts are… – • • c. Many psychologists believe disorganized thought is the result of … 2. Disturbed Perceptions – a. Hallucinations• i. Having sensory… • ii. Seem almost like __________ • iii. Usually _________ 3. Inappropriate Emotions and Actions – a. Emotions • i. They react to… – • ii. Flat affectb. Actions • i. Compulsive ______ • ii. Catatonia- • • XVII. Schizophrenia F. Positive Symptoms– 1. Usually have… • G. Negative symptoms– 1. Usually have… • H. Types of Schizophrenia – 1. Chronic or process schizophrenia– 2. Acute or reactive schizophrenia- • I. Subtypes of Schizophrenia – 1. Paranoid– 2. Disorganized- • – 3. Catatonic- – – 4. Undifferentiated5. Residual- J. Brain Abnormalities – 1. Overactivity of … – 2. Abnormal brain activity • a. Less activity in the __________ ______ • b. Found enlarged fluid-filled areas… • – i. The worse the disorder, the greater the shrinkage seems to be c. Thalamus is smaller • K. Other Factors – 1. Maternal virus… – 2. Genetic Factors • a. 1 in 100 odds… • b. Still leaves room for ____________________ ____________