Download STAGE 3-NEGOTIUM

Stage 3
Vocabulary
Nouns
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Verbs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Adjective
1.
Preposition
1.
2. ē/ex
Conjugation
1.
Adverb
1.
Add:
Quis?
Ubi?
-ne
GRAMMAR-Stage 3
Each noun belongs to one of 5 groups called “declensions”. In Latin I we have: 1st, 2nd & 3rd declensions.
Nouns also belong to one of 3 genders: Masculine, feminine or neuter
Most 1st declension nouns are feminine; 2nd declension includes masculine and neuter nouns; 3rd declension
includes nouns of all 3 genders.
 Nouns also have case endings that show how they are used in their sentence. Each declension has a set of
case endings.
 Nominative case – subject of the sentence.
 Accusative case – direct object; also the object of some prepositions, including “ad”, which means “to”, and
“in”, when it means “into, onto”. In
 Ablative – the object of the prepositions, including “in”, when it means “in, on”
 These are examples:
1st Declension
2nd Declension
3rd Declension
m
n
m/f
n
NOMINATIVE CASE
Metella
Caecilius
atrium
canis
nomen
ACCUSATIVE CASE
Metellam
Caecilium
atrium
canem
nomen
ABLATIVE CASE
Metellā
Caeciliō
atriō
cane
nomine



1st
M
2nd
N
M/F
Nom
Acc
Abl
X
3rd
N
X
X
in foro page 36
Caecilius nōn est in vīllā. Caecilius in forō negōtium agit. Caecilius est argentārius.
argentārius pecūniam numerat.
Caecilius forum circumspectat. ecce! pictor in forō ambulat. pictor est Celer.
Celer Caecilium salūtat.
ecce! tōnsor quoque est in forō. tōnsor est Pantagathus. Caecilius tōnsōrem videt.
“salvē!” Caecilius tōnsōrem salutat.
“salvē!” Pantagathus respondet.
ecce! vēnālīcius forum intrat.
mercātor nōn venit.
vēnālīcius est Syphāx. vēnālīcius mercātōrem exspectat.
Syphāx est īrātus. Syphāx mercātōrem vituperat.
pictor page 37
pictor ad vīllam venit. pictor est Celer. Celer iānuam pulsat. Clēmēns pictorem non audit.
servus est in hortō. Celer clāmat. canis Celerem audit et lātrat. Quīntus canem audit.
Quīntus ad iānuam venit. filius iānuam aperit. Celer Quīntum salūtat et vīllam intrat.
Metella est in culīnā. Quīntus mātrem vocat. Metella ātrium intrat.
pictor Metellam salūtat. Metella pictōrem ad triclīnium dūcit.
Celer in triclīnō labōrat.
Celer pictūram pingit. magnus leō est in picturā.
Herculēs quoque est in picturā. leō Herculem ferōciter petit. Herculēs magnum fūstem tenet et leōnem verberat.
Herculēs est fortis.
Caecilius ad vīllam revenit et triclīnium intrat.
Caecilius pictūram intentē spectat et pictūram laudat.
tonsor page 38
tōnsor in tabernā labōrat. tōnsor est Pantagathus. Caecilius intrat.
“salvē, tōnsor!” inquit Caecilius.
salvē!”respondet Pantagathus.
tonsor est occupātus.
senex in sellā sedet.
Pantagathus novāculam tenet et barbam tondet.
senex novāculam intentē spectat.
poēta tabernam intrat. poēta in tabernā stat et versum recitat. Caecilius rīdet, sed tōnsor non rīdet.
versus est scurrīlis. tōnsor est īrātus.
“furcifer, furcifer!” clāmat Pantagathus.
tōnsor barbam nōn tondet.
tōnsor senem secat.
Caecilius surgit et ē tabernā exit.
senex est perterritus.
multus sanguis fluit.
venalicius page 40
Caecilius ad portum ambulat.
Caecilius portum circumspectat.
argentārius nāvem Syriam vīdet et ad nāvem ambulat.
Syphāx prope nāvem stat.
“salvē, Syphāx!” clāmat argentārius. Syphāx est vēnālīcius.
Syphāx Caecilium salātat.
Caecilius servum quaerit.
Caecilius servum spectat.
Syphāx rīdet. ecce! Syphāx magnum servum habet.
argentārius nōn est contentus. argentārius servum nōn emit,
“vinum!” clāmat Syphāx.
ancilla vīnum bonum ad Caecilium portat.
argentārius vīnum bibit.
Caecilius ancillam spectat.
ancilla Caecilium dēlectat.
ancilla est pulchra. ancilla rīdet.
vēnālīcius quoque rīdet.
“Melissa cēnam optimam coquit” inquit vēnālīcius. “Melissa linguam Latīnam discit.
Melissa est docta et pulchra.
Melissa ...”
“satis, satis!” clāmat Caecilius. Caecilius Melissam emit et ad vīllam revenit.
Melissa Grumiōnem dēlectat. Melissa Quīntum dēlectat.
eheu! ancilla Metellam non dēlectat.
GRAMMAR: nouns
 Latin nouns belong to one of 5 Declensions (In Latin I we have nouns in declension 1,2,3)
 Latin nouns also have a gender (masc., fem., neuter). The declension and gender of a noun
do not change.
o 1st Declension has mostly feminine nouns (except nauta, agricola, poēta etc)
o 2nd Declension has both masculine and neuter nouns
o 3rd Declension has all 3 genders: masculine, feminine & neuter nouns
 Latin nouns also take case endings to show their use in the sentence.
We have had nominative, accusative & ablative cases, singular.
Just so you will know there are other cases, here is a summary of the cases:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Nominative=subject, predicate nominative
Genitive=possession (“ ‘s “ or “of ____” )
Dative=indirect object (person or thing to or for whom something is done)
Accusative=direct object, object of some prepositions, including ad (to), and in, when it means into
or onto), prope (near)
Ablative=object of some prepositions, including in (when it means in or on) and ē/ex (out of)
Vocative=direct address (calling a person or thing by name “Oh Caesar . .)
o KNOW THESE ENDINGS
 1st Declension
2nd Declension
masc neut
Nom
a
us,
um
Acc
am
um
um
Abl
ā
ō
ō
3rd Declension
masc/fem neuter
?
?
em
=nom
e
e
Singular
forms
1st
Fem*
2nd
Masc
2nd
Neut
3rd
Masc
Fem
3rd
Neut
Nominative
a
us, er, ir
um
?
?
Genitive
ae
î
î
is
is
Dative
ae
ô
ô
î
î
Accusative
am
um
um
em
= nom.
Ablative
â
ô
ô
e
e
Vocative
= nom.
us --> e
ius --> î
= nom.
= nom.
= nom.
Plural
forms
1st
Fem*
2nd
Masc
2nd
Neut
3rd
Masc
Fem
3rd
Neut
Nominative
ae
î
a
ês
a
Genitive
ârum
ôrum
ôrum
um
um
Dative
îs
îs
îs
ibus
ibus
Accusative
âs
ôs
a
ês
a
Ablative
îs
îs
îs
ibus
ibus
Vocative
=nom
=nom
=nom
=nom
=nom




1.
2.
3.
4.
Label the nouns by their cases: nom.,acc.,abl.
Make sure you understand the difference between a direct object and a predicate nom.
The direct obj. is in the accusative case. The direct obj. “receives” the action of the verb.
The predicate nominative is in the nom. case. A predicate nominative is used with the verb “sum, es, est”. It
renames the subject.
___
___
___
___
___
Clēmēns Caecilium in culīnā spectat.
Caecilius est dominus.
___
___
__
___
____
Clēmentem Caecilius in culīnā spectat. Clēmēns est servus.
___
___
___
___
___
Metella canem ad Caecilium portat.
Cerberus est canis.
___
___
___
___
___
Metellam canis ad Caecilium portat. Metella est domina.
Identify what declension and gender of each of the following. Give the accusative & ablative

If the nom. sing. ends in a, it is 1st declension.
o
Most 1st decl. nouns are feminine, exceptions: nauta, agricola, poeta, and a few more 1st decl. nouns are masc.

If the nom. sing. ends in us or um it is probably
o 2nd declension. 2nd decl. nouns whose nom. ends in us are masculine.
o
2nd declension nouns whose nominative ends in um are neuter. (exceptions: vir, puer & ager are 2nd declension)
 If the nominative ends in anything besides a, us, or um, it is probably 3rd declension.
o (exceptions: vir & puer are 2nd declension)
 The gender of 3rd declension nouns must be learned in the vocabulary. You may have to look it up.

The stems of 3rd declension nouns are sometimes modified before the endings are attached. Nom
Declension: Gender:
1. senex
2. pictura
3. pictor
4. cibus
5. mēnsa
6. nāvis
7. urbs
8. iānua
9. vīnum
10. tōnsor
11. amīcus
12. atrium
13. mercātor
14. taberna
15. mater
16. pater
17. coquus
Accusative:
sen__
Ablative:
sen__
nāv__
urb__
nāv___
urb___
tōnsor___
tōnsor___
matr__
patr__
matr__
patr___
Complete the following to make the Latin sentence. Over each noun, indicate it’s case.
1. The friend praises the slave in the dining room: Amīc___ serv___ in triclini___ laudat.
2. Grumiō is a slave:
Grumiō est serv____.
3. The friend curses the slave: Serv___ amī___ vituperat.
4. The friend is a merchant in the city. Amīc___ est mercator___ in urb__
3, The old man enters the shop:
Tabern___ sen___ intrat.
5. the master tastes the food in the kitchen. domin__
6. The merchant greets Metella in the forum.
Metell__
mercatator__ in for___ salūtat *
cib___
in culin__ gustat.
The object of in is ablative when it means in or on.
7. The slave girl curses Celer in the kitchen: Ancill___ Celer___in culin___ vituperat
8. The painter leader the slave girl to the atrium.
Ancill___
pictor__
ad atri___ dūcit. * the object of ad is accusative.
9. The poet jumps into the water.
Poet___
in aqu____ salit.
o
o
Poeta is one of the very few masculine 1st declension nouns
The object of in is accusative when it means into or onto. The object of in is ablative when if means in or on.
In Stage 2, we had the preposition “in”; we learned that when it means in or on, it takes its
object in the ablative case. However, “in” can also mean into or onto. When it means into or onto,
it takes its object in the accusative case. In this stage we meet two more prepositions: ad
(which takes an accusative object) and ē/ex ( which takes an ablative object)
What case is the noun? Write the phrase in Latin.
1. In the road
2. Into the road
3. To the road
4. Out of the road
5. In the ship
6. Into the ship
7. To the ship
8. Out of the ship
9. To the lion
10. In the food
11. Into the food
12. To the food
13. Out of the food
14. Into the house
15. Out of the forum
16. To the door
17. Out of the shop
18. To the forum
19. In the house
20. Into the shop
21. Out of the lion
22. Into the forum
23. Out of the house
24. In the shop
25. To the old man
26. In the wine
27. To the merchant
28. On the table
29. Out of the city
Do practicing the language, p. 42
A.
1. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
2. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng_____________________________________________________________
3. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
4. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng_____________________________________________________________
5. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
C.
1. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
2.Lat _____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
3. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
4. Lat_____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
5. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
6. Lat___________________________________________________________
Eng_____________________________________________________________
7. Lat ____________________________________________________________
Eng____________________________________________________________
8. Lat____________________________________________________________
Eng ____________________________________________________________
WORD STUDY:
Give the Latin word from which these words are derived. Make sure you know what they mean.
1. provident
2. janitor
3. circumspect
4. proclamation
5. responsive
6. deportation
7. ridicule
8. magnanimous
9. irate
10. imbibe
Give the derivatives of portat suggested inthe phrases below:
1. easily carried port_ _ _ _
2. a means of carrying from one place to another _ _ _ _ _port_ _ _ _ _
3. carrying a great deal of significance: _ _ port_ _ _
4. furnishing assistance _ _ _port_ _ _
5. a person who writes accounts of events _ _ port _ _
Review for quiz STAGE 3
Know the vocabulary
Know the endings for Nominative, Accusative, Ablative cases (singular), 1st, 2nd, 3rd declension
Be able to look at a noun and know which declension it belongs to. In general:
Nom. Singular ends in –a---------1st Declension(almost all are feminine, except agricula, nauta, poēta)
Nom singular ends in –us--------2nd Declension masculine
Nom singular ends in –um-------2nd Declension neuter
Nom singular ends in anything besides –a, -us, -um --3rd Declension (you have to learn the gender for
3rd declension nouns)
Common Exceptions:
Puer (boy), vir(man) and ager(field) are 2nd declension masculine.
***Be able to apply the right endings to nouns.
Be able to read any passages from our stories. You should re-read the stories.
Read through the cultural material on Pompeii.
Nominative and Accusative:
1. Grumiō sees Caecilius.
Grumiō____ Caecili_____ videt.
2. Caecilius sees Grumiō
Grumiō____ Caecili_____ videt
3. Metella hears the slave.
Serv_____ Metell_____ audit.
4. The slave hears Metella.
Serv_____ Metell_____ audit.
5. The peacock eats the dog.
Pavo_____ can______ consumit.
6. The dog eats the peacock.
Pavo_____ can______ consumit.
7. The merchant kills the girl.
Mercator_____ puell____ necat.
8. The girl kills the merchant.
Mercator_____ puell____ necat.
9. The boy loves the girl.
Puer____ puell______ amat.
10. The girl loves the boy.
Puer____ puell______ amat.
11. The lion carries the slave girl. Ancill____ leo____ portat.
12. The slave girl carries the lion. Ancill____ leo____ portat.
Prepositional phrases:
Be able to prepositions: in (in or on) takes the ablative; in (into, onto) takes the accusative
ē, ex takes the ablative ;
ad takes the accusative
1. In the house in vīll_____; into the house: in vīll_____
2. In the food in cib_____; into the food: in cib_____
3. In the wine in vīn_____; into the wine: in vīn_____
4. In the kitchen in culīn____; into the kitchen: in culīn____;
5. In the atrium in atri____; into the atrium: in atri____
6. In the dog in can____;
into the dog: in can_____
7. In the ship in nav____;
into the ship: in nav______
8. In the foum in for___;
into the forum: in for_____
9. To the house: ad _____; out of the house: ē vīll________
10. To the kitchen: ad ____; out of the kitchen: ē culīn___
11. To the ship: ad _____; out of the ship: ē nav____
12. To the atrium: ad _____; out of the atrium: ex atri___
13. To the shop: ad tabern___; out of the shop: ē tabern____