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Lesson IV
Lesson IV

... 2000). It is a text for young adolescents who are learning Latin by the grammar-translation method. As we wrote in the Teacher’s Manual for New First Steps, “We have chosen the grammar/translation method to teach Latin because it exercises uniquely the linguistic skills involved in building categori ...
PPT_week_8
PPT_week_8

... How would you form a noun from these adjectives meaning ‘the state of being X’ (where X refers to the quality expressed in the adjective) choosing between one of the suffixes -th, -ness, and -ity. Did you use one of the three far more or far less often than the other(s)? Can you come up with an expl ...
Test Packet - Veritas Press
Test Packet - Veritas Press

... • Between two like ______________________ • Between the last of two or more different ______________________ • Between two ______________________ or a ______________________ and a diphthong • A single consonant between two vowels will follow the ______________________ 4. Rewrite, divide into syllab ...
NEW SECOND STEPS IN LATIN
NEW SECOND STEPS IN LATIN

... At the same time many houses were burning in that city. The soldiers were placing all (their) hope in the horses, for they were swift. We consider the same things good. The same burdens used to make the slaves tired. At that time the name of the Romans was great; now, however, the same lands have ne ...
The Latvian dative and genitive: A Cognitive Grammar - DUO
The Latvian dative and genitive: A Cognitive Grammar - DUO

... 5. Summary and conclusions............................................................................................204 References .......................................................................................................................213 Appendix.................................... ...
Applying the Constraint Grammar Parser of English to the Helsinki
Applying the Constraint Grammar Parser of English to the Helsinki

... 3. ENGCG analysis of historical texts: the data The Helsinki Corpus covers roughly a millennium, from the eighth century to the early 1700s. 7 Anticipating problems caused by distance in time between early English and the language accounted for in the ENGCG description, we decided to concentrate on ...
English version - Nederbooms
English version - Nederbooms

... WOTAN-2 tagset existed only in a preliminary version, which was modified several times during the early stages of the CGN project, and there was no documentation available for the PAROLE tagset. Consequently, during the course of 1998-1999 a new tagset was designed for use in the CGN project. The mo ...
DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC
DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC

...  Ég finn ‘I find’ vs. mér finnst ‘ It seems to me’  Ég sé ‘I see” vs. mér sést yfir ‘it escapes my notice’  Ég mæli ‘I speak’ vs. Mér mælist vel (*af ástettu ráði) I:DAT delivered a good speech ...
Morphology - publish.UP
Morphology - publish.UP

... roman ...
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE

... Vowel harmony is found in a number of Finno-Ugric (and Turkic) languages, as well as in other languages throughout the world. In Erzya, vowel harmony is expressed in the rule according to which a word may contain exclusively front vowels (e, i) or exclusively back vowels (o, u), but not both. The vo ...
Typology of Word and Automatic Word Segmentation
Typology of Word and Automatic Word Segmentation

... Wala (‫ )واﻻ‬Suffix or Wala Phrase ................................................................ 28 ...
Sentence Initial Elements and Subject in Upper Sorbian
Sentence Initial Elements and Subject in Upper Sorbian

... it comprises the auxiliary bu-2) and the passive participle of a verb. The second strategy is the reflexive verb, which occurs frequently in the modern languages of Western Europe (e.g., German, French). The third is similar to the first, but with a different auxiliary, namely the ‘wordować passive’ ...
NOMINATIVE
NOMINATIVE

... Because words are marked with cases, there is no need for a nominative subject to be the first item in a sentence, as in English. The thing that identifies the subject is its nominative case, not its position; no matter where it is, it can be identified as nominative and therefore subject. As we wil ...
Lesson 12 | NTGreek In Session
Lesson 12 | NTGreek In Session

... speech. Greek adjectives are inflected for each of the five cases, the three genders, and the two numbers. This makes it possible for any adjective to agree in grammatical concord with the substantive it modifies in case, gender, and number—like the article. The good news is that, because Greek adje ...
NEW FIRST STEPS IN LATIN
NEW FIRST STEPS IN LATIN

... • There are various ways to express the imperfect tense in English: I was loving, I loved, I used to love. ...
perfect tense
perfect tense

... There are two NUMBERS: singular, plural. There are three GENDERS: masculine, feminine, neuter. Nouns of the first declension have a genitive singular ending in –ae. To find the stem of any Latin noun remove the ending from the genitive singular form: PUELLAE -AE PUELLNouns are declined by adding cas ...
An outline of Proto-Indo-European
An outline of Proto-Indo-European

... (Indo-Uralic allative) as a general oblique case form, I refer to my earlier treatment (2005a, cf. also Kloekhorst 2008: 111-116). The creation of genitive, dative and oblique plural endings belongs to the separate histories of Anatolian and the other branches of Indo-European. After the rise of th ...
Latin Examples
Latin Examples

... (It probably never occurs in the fifth declension!) For third declension singular, some say that it may take either the dative or the ablative form, while others say it takes the dative form. (Most of the examples they give seem to be the same as the dative in form.) For fourth declension singular, ...
The Origin of the Latin Gerund and Gerundive
The Origin of the Latin Gerund and Gerundive

... especially Ved. cyautná-, Av. åiiaoq na- ‘deed, thing set in motion’) do not have gerundive meaning. The Lithuanian gerundive suffix -tinas, which Risch traces to a Sievers-Edgerton variant *-t° no-, is better analyzed as an adjectival extension in *-no- of the abstract suffix *-ti- (see below). In ...
Latin - Wikimedia Commons
Latin - Wikimedia Commons

... 1 How to study a language on the Internet and in your head How do you think about languages as you study them? Typically, you will consider every punctuation mark and letter, all the verbs and nouns, adverbs and adjectives, and study them in order to make connections. Ideally, you will have a teac ...
Vergil Selected - Online Grammatical Appendix - 04-05
Vergil Selected - Online Grammatical Appendix - 04-05

... a. The nominative ends in s (m., f.) and m (n.). But many masculine stems in which the original fi nal vowel, o, was preceded by r have dropped the us of the nominative and the e of the vocative, and inserted e before the r, if it was preceded by a consonant; thus original pueros became puer, boy, a ...
Case Matching in Bavarian Relative Clauses: A
Case Matching in Bavarian Relative Clauses: A

... The discussion of examples (13) shows that conditions for omitting resumptive pronouns from sentences with free relative are exactly parallel to the case of omitted relative words in wo relative clauses: either case matching is required between the w-pronoun of the free relative and the omittable r ...
Functional Morphology
Functional Morphology

... the transducer, and strings consisting of the second components are called the lower language. A transducer is typically used so that the upper language contains structural descriptions of word forms and the lower language contains the forms themselves. A trivial example of a regular relation is the ...
Grammaticalization of the Masculine and Non
Grammaticalization of the Masculine and Non

... in a couple of grammatical cases in adjective inflection, the very same cases are generated in the inflection of adjectives as in the inflection of nouns. Sets of parallel adjective and noun endings differ between themselves, but the names of adjective genders remain the same as the names of noun ge ...
Dative pertinacity. - Universität Konstanz
Dative pertinacity. - Universität Konstanz

... It has often been observed that datives and genitives tend to retain Case morphology more stubbornly than nominatives and accusatives. To find the reason for that in morphology proper seems to be unrealistic. I will propose a syntactic account, albeit one which attributes a key role to morphology. T ...
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Lithuanian declension

Lithuanian declension is quite sophisticated in a way similar to declensions in ancient Indo-European languages such as Sanskrit, Latin or Ancient Greek. It also is one of the most complicated declension systems among modern Indo-European and modern European languages.Traditionally, scholars count up to ten case forms in Lithuanian. However at least one case is reduced to adverbs, and another is extinct in the modern language. So the official variant of Lithuanian has seven cases, and an eighth case is used in some dialects and reduced to an adverb in others. The main cases are: nominative (vardininkas): used to identify the inflection type genitive (kilmininkas): used to identify the inflection type dative (naudininkas) accusative (galininkas) instrumental (įnagininkas) locative (vietininkas) vocative (šauksmininkas)The other cases are: illative: dialectal allative: reduced to adverbs adessive †Lithuanian has two main grammatical numbers: singular and plural. There is also a dual, which is almost unused, except few words, that retain their dual forms. Although grammatically the dual number can be applied to any word, in practice it was used quite sporadically during the last century. The singular and the plural are used similarly to many European languages. Singular, plural and dual inflections of the same case always differ among themselves and there's no rule, how to make, for example, the plural inflection from the singular of the same case.
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