Download Stage 8 Notes

Stage 2 Notes
mercator
The
Metellam salutat.
merchant greets Metella.
Metella
Metella
culinam intrat.
enters the kitchen.
-
a noun is a word that is a person, place, or a
thing, or idea
Examples:
puella, toga, Caecilius, canis, Metella
in
the sentences above there are two different
forms of the same noun:
Metella-
Metellam
these
different forms are known as the nominative
case and the accusative case
Nominative
= subject
Accusative
= direct object, translated after verb
The
endings a noun uses for the nominative
and accusative forms depends on the
declension that the noun belongs to.
Declension
are categories or families of nouns
that share the same endings in their nominative
and accusative forms.
You
can identify the declension of the noun by
the genitive case. CLC unit I does not list the
genitive, so we will refer to the accusative.
1st Declension Nouns
Declension nouns end in –am in the
accusative singular form of the CLC Unit I
dictionary entry.
First
Examples:
fuga, fugam
ira, iram
barba, barbam
gloria, gloriam
Dictionary
Entry:
Nominative
Form,
Subject
of sentence
bruma, brumam
2nd Declension Nouns
Second
Declension nouns end in - um in
the second form of the CLC Unit I
dictionary entry.
Examples:
somnus, somnum
vesper, vesperum
locus, locum
puer, puerum
Dictionary
Entry:
Nominative
Form,
Subject
of sentence
oculus, oculum
3rd Declension Nouns
Third
Declension nouns end in - em in
the second form of the dictionary entry.
Examples:
tempus, temporem
rex, regem
doctor, doctorem
nomen, nominem
mater, matrem
Dictionary
Entry:
Nominative
Form,
Subject
of sentence
fons, fontem
Nom
Acc
Metella Quintus
Metellam Quintum
Caecilius
mercator
Caecilium mercatorem
if
the merchant does something the nominative
mercator is used.
Mercator
For
is the subject.
example: mercator amicum salutat.
The merchant greets the friend.
if
someone else does something to the merchant
the accusative form mercatorem is used in the
sentence.
Ask
Whom or What after the verb.
Quintus
Quintus
mercatorem salutat.
greets whom/ what? Answer: mercatorem
mercatorem
is the direct object of the sentence.
Take notice of the different word order in
these sentences:
Clemens culinam intrat.
1st
3rd
2nd
Clemens enters the kitchen.
N.B. In a Latin sentence, the verb is last.
 coquus
1st
 The
vinum portat.
3rd
2nd
cook carries the wine. (carries what? wine = acc)
 When
you are translating always follow this order:
Subject + Verb + Direct Object / Prep Phrase
Nom
-t
Acc
m
in tablino= in the study
in triclinio= in the dining room
Declining 1ST Declension Noun
1st

declension. Ex: girl = puella
Case endings are in RED
Singular
Plural
Nominative
puellA
puellAE
Accusative
puellAM
puellAS
Declining a 2nd Declension Noun
2nd

declension. Ex. : slave= servus
Case endings are in RED
Singular
Plural
Nominative
servUS
servI
Accusative
servUM
servOS
Declining a 3rd Declension Noun
* We didn’t study this one closely,
so don’t panic!
3rd declension. Example: dog = canis
 Case endings are in RED

Singular
Plural
Nominative
canis
canES
Accusative
canEM
canES
CONJUGATIONS
A
conjugation is a group of verbs
that have the same infinitive ending.
There are 4 conjugation infinitives:
1st
- āre
2nd - ēre
3rd - ere
4th - īre
All infnitives end in –re. The vowel
before the –re tells what conjugation
VERBS
Verbs
have person and number.
Number = singular or plural
Verbs
agree with the subject
Is there one person or more than one
Person
1st
= 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person.
= I/we
2nd = you/all of you
3rd = he, she, it/ they
Person Indicators
Singular
Plural
1
O or M
MUS
2
S
TIS
3
T
NT
Singular
Person indicators show
WHO is doing the action
Plural
1
I
we
2
you
all of you
3
he,she, it
they
Person indicators
coincide with English
subject pronouns
Singular
2nd conjugation
Plural
1
O or M
MUS
2
S
TIS
3
T
NT
videO
videS
videT
To conjugate a verb, take the
infinitive and drop the -re
vidēre
videMUS
videTIS
videNT
videO
videS
videT
vidēre
videMUS
videTIS
videNT
I see, I am seeing, I do see
You see, you are seeing, you
do see
He sees, he is seeing, he
does see.
Present
Present progressive
Emphatic
We see, we are seeing, we
do see
You all see, you are all
seeing, you all do see
They see, they are seeing,
they do see
1st conjugation
Singular
Plural
1
O or M
MUS
2
S
TIS
3
T
NT
1st person
singular – drop
the a before the
-re
To conjugate a verb, take the
infinitive and drop the -re
amāre
amO
amaMUS
amaS
amaTIS
amaT
amaNT
amāre
amO
amaMUS
amaS
amaTIS
amaT
amaNT
I like, I am liking, I do like
You like, you are liking, you
do like
He, she, it likes, he is liking,
he does like
Present
Present progressive
Emphatic
We like, we are liking, we do
like
You all like, you all are
liking, you all do like
They like, they are liking,
they do like