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AP Biology 2 Review for Test Ch. 4,5,7,8 Key Ideas: (found in notes primary, book as reference) Properties of Carbon that make it so important to life Draw basic organic structures (using prefixes and suffixes Functional groups and their properties Role of dehydration reaction in formation of organic compounds Hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds Recognize the four biological organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) Form and functions of biological organic compounds Four structural levels of proteins and functions Denaturing impact that heat and pH can have on protein structure Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Structure and function of organelles in both plant and animal cells Organelles found only in plant or animal cells Why membranes are selectively permeable Role of phospholipids and proteins in membranes Water movement in isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic solution Cell membrane parts (make-up, proteins, carbohydrates) be able to label Example Questions: Directions: The group of questions below consists of five lettered choices followed by a list of number phrases. Select the one choice that is most closely related to it. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Questions 1-5 a. Lipids b. Peptide bonds c. Alpha helix d. Unsaturated fatty acids e. Cellulose Questions 6-11 a. Prokaryotic cell b. Eukaryotic cell c. Ribosome d. Chloroplasts e. Mitochondria f. Lysosome 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Contain one or more double bonds which “kink” the carbon backbone The major class of biological molecules that are not polymers Linkages between the monomers of proteins A secondary structure of proteins A structural carbohydrate found in plants 6. 7. Photosynthetic organelle Digestive organelle where macromolecules hydrolyzed 8. Contains DNA only in a nucleoid region 9. Organelles that make up proteins 10. Consisting of DNA in a membrane bound nucleus 11. Organelle where cellular repiration occurs and most ATP is generated Directions: Chose the best answer choice for each question. 1. An organic compound that is compose of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio is known as a a. Lipid b. Carbohydrate c. Salt d. Nucleic acid 2. Which of the macromolecules below could be structural parts of the cell, enzyme, or involved in cell movement or communication? a. Nucleic acids b. Proteins c. Lipids d. Carbohydrates 3. Hydrolysis is involved in which of the following? a. Formation of starch b. Hydrogen bond formation between nucleic acids c. Peptide bond formation of proteins d. The hydrophilic interactions of lipids 4. Which of the following molecules is a typical component of an animal cell membrane? a. Starch b. Glucose c. Nucleic acids d. Carbohydrates 5. If a hypertonic solution (A) and a hypotonic solution(B) is separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which of the following will occur? a. The solute will diffuse from A to B b. The solute will diffuse from B to A c. No net movement of molecules will occur d. There will be a net movement of water from side B to A 6. Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following process? a. Pinocytosis b. Phagocytosis c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis d. Cytokinesis Directions: Draw or name each of the following organic compounds. Ethyne 1,1 dimethylpropane Methane Propene butene Ethanol (aldehyde)