Download Cellular Respiration

Cellular
Respiration
Cellular Energy Unit Part II
• Consumers
• Cellular respiration
• Use organic compounds such as
glucose and oxygen to make
cellular energy (ATP)
• Waste: CO2 and H2O
Heterotrophs
Aerobic Cellular
Respiration
Glycolysis
• Glucose + ATP → Pyruvate + ATP +
NADPH + H2O
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Multistep process that can be
divided into two phases: Investment
and Payoff.
• It takes 2 ATP to rearrange glucose
so it can be broken down into
pyruvate. The breakdown yields
4ATP for a net gain of 2ATP.
• The ATP is used for cellular energy
and the NADPH goes on to power
the electron transport chain and the
Krebs cycle. The pyruvate enters the
Krebs cycle to be broken down into
carbon dioxide to create more ATP
and NADPH.
• Water is waste.
• Mitochondria are the sites of
the Krebs cycle and the
electron transport chain.
• Mitochondria are double
membrane organelles. The
folded membranes provided a
lot of surface area for
respiration.
• Cristae are the folds in the
inner membrane. The folded
membranes provided a lot of
surface area for electron
transport chain.
• Matrix is the thick gelatinous
substance that fills the
mitochondria. It is the site of
the Krebs cycle.
Mitochondira
• Pyruvate + NADP+ + ADP→ 3CO2 +
ATP + NADPH
• Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.
• Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates
after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the
Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose.
• Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter
the lungs via diffusion.
• Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4
NADPH
• In total the Krebs cycle produces 6 CO2,
2 ATP, and 8 NADPH
• The CO2 is waste, the ATP powers
cellular processes and the NADPH goes
on the power the electron transport chain.
The Krebs Cycle
• A series of molecules that pass electrons from NADPH to produce a H ion
gradient which ATP synthase uses to make ATP from ADP.
• Occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria.
• NADPH + ADP + O2 → H2O + ATP and NADP+
• NADP+ is recycled and reused in the respiration process.
• Oxygen is the end electron acceptor and water is produced. (in photosynthesis the
ETC cleaved water, in respiration the ETC makes water.)
Electron Transport Chain
• NO OXYGEN!
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Since oxygen isn’t there
to accept the electrons of
the electron transport
chain they have to be
funneled down another
pathway.
• Pyruvate
Anaerobic Cellular
Respiration
Fermentation
Lactic Acid
Alcohol
• Since pyruvate can’t go through
the Krebs cycle because there is
not oxygen to accept the
electrons at the end of the ETC,
then it is fermented into lactate.
• Occurs in happen in the
cytoplasm
• Same thing goes except the
pyruvate is cleaved and CO2
is released. (yeast)
• Creates ethanol.
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Overall reaction: Glucose + O2→ ATP + CO2 + H2O
• Aerobic: Involves glycolysis, krebs cycle, and the electron
transport chain. Can make up to 38 ATP’s per glucose
• Occurs in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and the mitochondria
(krebs and e- chain).
• Uses glucose and oxygen
• Makes ATP that is used to power all cellular processes.
• Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products.
• Anaerobic: Can be lactic acid or alcohol fermentation
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Uses glucose (pyruvate) to make ATP
• Either Lactic acid (lactate) or alcohol and carbon dioxide
are waste.
Cellular Respiration