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Transcript
Reebops! Materials: Big white marshmallows – for body Little colored marshmallows - for humps and noses Colored Tooth picks - for legs and antenna Unbent small paper clips or pipe cleaners - for tails Thumbtacks or push pins - for eyes --Plain toothpicks hold the head on, and the body together Reebops (Reebopins minimus) are small organisms that live in empty pop cans. Chances are you have never seen one as they are extremely fast little organisms! Chromosomal analysis has revealed that each Reebop has 8 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 16 chromosomes. Half of the chromosomes in a Reebop come from the father, and half come from the mother. Reebops have only one or two genes on each chromosome (humans on the other hand may have hundreds or thousands of genes on each chromosome!). Genes are segments of a chromosome that code for a trait, for example, in Reebops there is a gene for eye color. There can be more than one allele at each gene; an allele is a version of a gene. There are two alleles for number of eyes in Reebops, E is the allele for two eyes and e is the allele for three eyes. In this case E is dominant to e. The term genotype describes the combination of alleles that an organism has. The term phenotype describes what an organism looks like. 1. Look at the Mother and Father Reebops. Describe their traits, how are they similar, how are they different? 2. Lay out the chromosomes upside down. Separate the chromosomes into mother (pink) and father (blue) chromosomes. For each of the colors, organize the chromosomes from longest to shortest. For each parent there are 2 chromosomes of each length. Take ONE chromosome of each length from each parent. You should have one pink and one blue chromosomes of each length. These are now your baby Reebop’s chromosomes. 3. Next, flip the chromosomes over so you can see the letter(s). Each letter is an allele. Record these alleles in the table on page 2. For each trait, the baby’s genotype is the allele from the mother plus the allele from the father (one pink and one blue). 4. Use the baby’s genotype and the chart below to determine your baby Reebop’s phenotype. Record these in the table on page 2. Phenotype 1 antenna 2 antenna No antenna Red nose Orange nose Yellow nose 2 eyes 3 eyes 3 body segments 2 body segments 1 green hump 2 green humps 3 green humps Curly tail Zig-Zag tail Straight tail Blue legs Purple Legs red legs Female Male Genotype AA Aa aa QQ Qq qq EE or Ee ee DD or Dd dd MM Mm mm TT Tt tt LL Ll ll XX XY Reebop Breeding Day! Name________ Antenna _______ Date __________ Period _____ Mother’s Allele ______________ Father’s Allele _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is: _____________________ Nose color ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is: _____________________ Eyes ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is:________________________ Body Segments ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is: _____________________ Humps ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is: _____________________ Tail ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is: _____________________ Leg color ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is: _____________________ Sex ______________ _____________ Baby’s Phenotype is:________________________ Your Baby’s Name _________________________ Your Baby’s Birth date ___________ _ Remember that the genotype is represented by letters and the Phenotype is what it looks like (eg. Red nose). 1. When every one is finished creating their Reebops, compare them. Do they all look the same? 2. What are some differences? (give at least 2 examples) 3. All of the baby Reebops came from the same two parents, why don’t they all look the same? 4. What is the probability that a baby Reebop will have red legs? Give both the fraction and the percentage. Hint: Do a punnet square. 5. What is the probability that a baby Reebop will have a curly tail? Give both the fraction and the percentage. 6. How is it possible for 2 babies to have different genotypes, but still look the same? 7. Which two traits in Reebops are controlled by incomplete dominance? (You will not be able to tell by looking for 2 different letters for the same trait.) How do you know?