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Transcript
BHS 150.1 – Biochemistry II Notetaker: Kim Powell Date: 2/8/2013, 2sndhalf Page1 Clicker Questions: 1. The presence of lactate in the aqueous indicates: anaerobic glycolysis 2. Multiple codons for a single amino acid usually vary in the: 3’ position in the codon 3. During the process of phototransduction in the rod, the activation of transducin occurs after: Light causes the conversion of 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal in rhodopsin 4. Alpha 2 receptor agonists lower IOP by stimulating: Actin in the TM, to open channels which decreases resistance to outflow 5. Receptors which decrease the activity of NA/K ATPase via less phosphorylation. In the fed state, which enxymes activity is correct as listed: Pryvate kinase is de-phosphorylated and active Glycogen phosphorylase is de-phosphorylated and inactive 6. During aging in the vitreous, which two of the following problems occur: crosslinking of the collagen network displacement of the hyaluronic acid network 7. In the retina, glutamate release onto the bipolar on cells will result in a: cGMP sensitive-Na+ channel closing 8. Chloinergic agonists lower IOP by contracting the ciliary body muscle, which stretches the TM causing channels to: Open and increase outflow 9. What is the function of connexins in the lens? cell-cell communication 10. In the fasting state, which of the following pathways become more active? glycogen breakdown beta-oxidation of fatty acids Gluconeogenesis 11. During development, the vitreous composition dramatically increases in the: Hyaluronic acid concentration to increase the hydration of the lens 12. Ascorbate in the aqueous is needed by the cornea for which two of the following functions: antioxidant properties collagen synthesis 13. A missense mutation occurs when the: amino acid sequence changes 14. During fasting, what are some possible sources of carbons for gluconeogenesis: amino acids from protein degradation glycerol from triglyceride breakdown lactate from glucose metabolism 15. A deamination of a base often leads to: a base substitution 16. Where is alpha crystalline found in the lens and what is its function? Epithelium and Fibers – protection 17. In the lens, PPP is used to make which of the following two substances: R5P for nucleotide synthesis NADPH to reduce oxidized glutathione 18. Prostaglandin F2 analogs (XALATAN) work to decrease IOP by activating MMP’s which: Degrade the collagen framework of the TM, decreasing resistance to outflow 19. Translocase activity of the ribosome results in the: transfer of the peptidyl tRNA from the A to the P site 20. Beta 2 receptor stimulation will increase aqueous production by: Increasing the activity of the NA/K ATPase via more phosphorylation 21. What is the relationship between the coding DNA strand and RNA transcript produced? The sequence is the same, T’s are replaced by U’s 22. To produce ATP the mature lens fibers use: Anaerobic glycolysis 23. The glucose in the vitreous is: used for anaerobic glycolysis by the lens (NOT released to retina) 24. During replication, a ploymerase: Adds deoxyribonucleotides to the free 3’ OH group 25. In the lens, age-related cataract formation occurs when: Decreased levels of glutathione can no longer prevent cross-linking of crystallins