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Chapter11 Mendel, Genetics, Meiosis Test Review
Complete the statement or answers the question.
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1. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits
2. Mendel concluded that traits are
3. When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall
because
4. In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation
because
5. The principles of probability can be used to
6. A Punnett square does not show the actual results of a genetic cross, but it does show these three things:
7. How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose
genotype was RrYY?
8. A cross of a white hen with a black rooster produces erminette-color offspring. This type of inheritance is
known as
9. What did Thomas Hunt Morgan is do?
10. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
11. What is shown in Figure 11-1?
Figure 11–1
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12.
13.
14.
15.
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16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Chromosomes form tetrads during
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
What is true about Linked genes?
If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort independently, what can be predicted about the
position of those genes and the frequency that they will cross-over?
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
What are Mendel’s factors called today?
The principle of dominance states that
When Mendel allowed the tall F1 pea plants (Tt) to self-pollinate, what did he observe?
What is true about Two plants with the genotypes TT and Tt?
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be________________
____ 22. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each
other’s inheritance?
RrYy
RY
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
RrYy
rY
RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Seed Shape
R = Round
r = Wrinkled
Seed Color
Y = Yellow
y = Green
Figure 11–5
____ 23. The Punnett square in Figure 11-5 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color
____ 24. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are
called
____ 25. Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
____ 26. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
____ 27. Gametes are produced by the process of
____ 28. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
____ 29. Traits that are produced by the interaction of several genes are said to be
____ 30. Gene maps are based on
.
31. The process shown in Figure 11-1 may occur during the stage of meiosis called ____________________.
Figure 11-1
32. The different forms of a gene are called ____________________.
33. ____________________ is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.
34. In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-6, the genotypes of the offspring are ____________________.
T
t
T
TT
Tt
T
TT
Tt
TT
T
=
Tall
t
=
Short
Figure 11-6
35. The principle of independent assortment states that ____________________ for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of gametes.
36. What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring in the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-3?
RrYy
RY
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
RrYy
rY
RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Figure 11–3
Seed Shape
R = Round
r = Wrinkled
Seed Color
Y = Yellow
y = Green
Essay
37. Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance.
38. The stages of meiosis are classified into two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. Compare and contrast these
two divisions.
39. Define linkage, and explain how linkage is used to make gene maps.
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Heterozygous male guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr) are crossed with heterozygous female guinea
pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr). The incomplete Punnett square in Figure 11-4 shows the expected results
from the cross.
BbRr
BR
Br
bR
br
BR
BBRR
BBRr
BbRR
BbRr
Br
BBRr
BBrr
BbRr
Bbrr
BbRr
bR
BbRR
BbRr
?
bbRr
br
BbRr
Bbrr
bbRr
bbrr
Hair Color
B = Black
b = White
Hair Texture
R = Roughr =
Smooth
Figure 11–4
40. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the genotype of the offspring that would be represented in the square
labeled X in Figure 11-4.
41. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the phenotype of the offspring represented in the square labeled X in
Figure 11-4.
42. Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the different phenotypes of the offspring?
43. Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the genotypes of the offspring that have black, rough hair?
44. Calculating What fraction of the offspring in Figure 11-4 is expected to have white, smooth hair?
Figure 11–7
45. Inferring What do the letters R and I represent in Figure 11-7?
46. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 11-7, what is the genotype of the pink-flowered snapdragons?
47. Inferring Explain whether the alleles in Figure 11-7 show dominance, incomplete dominance, or
codominance.
48. Inferring According to Figure 11-7, if red-flowered snapdragons and ivory-flowered snapdragons are
crossed, what percent of their offspring are expected to be pink-flowered?
49. Inferring According to Figure 11-7, if two pink-flowered snapdragons are crossed, what percent of their
offspring are expected to be pink-flowered?