Download ch 11 pre-test

Name______________________________
Class __________________
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
Date ______________
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
____ 1. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding
parents with different traits
a. are true-breeding.
b. make up the F2 generation.
c. make up the parental generation.
d. are called hybrids.
____ 2. Mendel concluded that traits are
a. not inherited by offspring.
b. inherited through the passing of factors from parents to
offspring.
c. determined by dominant factors only.
d. determined by recessive factors only.
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____ 3. When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with truebreeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because
a. the allele for tall plants is recessive.
b. the allele for short plants is dominant.
c. the allele for tall plants is dominant.
d. they were true-breeding like their parents.
____ 4. In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant.
Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because
a. some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the
allele for shortness.
b. the allele for shortness is dominant.
c. the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated
when the F1 plants produced gametes.
d. they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and
an allele for tallness from the other parent.
____ 5. The principles of probability can be used to
a. predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic
crosses.
b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.
c. predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses.
d. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.
____ 6. A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT
a. all possible results of a genetic cross.
b. the genotypes of the offspring.
c. the alleles in the gametes of each parent.
d. the actual results of a genetic cross.
Chapter 11 Test A 137
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____ 7. How many different allele combinations would be found in
the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was
RrYY?
a. 2
c. 8
b. 4
d. 16
____ 8. A cross of a white hen with a black rooster produces
erminette-color offspring. This type of inheritance is known as
a. incomplete dominance.
b. polygenic inheritance.
c. codominance.
d. multiple alleles.
____ 9. Which of the following statements about Thomas Hunt
Morgan is true?
a. Morgan chose to use fruit flies in his study of genetics
because fruit flies produce a large number of offspring.
b. Morgan chose to use fruit flies in his study of genetics
because fruit flies take a long time to produce offspring.
c. Morgan continued Mendel’s genetic study of pea plants.
d. Morgan discovered that Mendel’s principles of genetics do
not apply to fruit flies.
____10. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
a. 12.
c. 24.
b. 6.
d. 3.
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
A
B
C
D
E
A
a
b
B
C
c D
d
e E
a
b
c
d
e
Figure 11-1
____11. What is shown in Figure 11-1?
a. independent assortment
b. anaphase I of meiosis
c. crossing-over
d. incomplete dominance
____12. Chromosomes form tetrads during
a. prophase of meiosis I.
b. metaphase of meiosis I.
c. prophase of meiosis II.
d. metaphase of meiosis II.
138
Chapter 11 Test A
A A
B
B
c
C
d
D
e
E
a
b
C
D
E
a
b
c
d
e
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A A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
____13. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a. two genetically identical diploid cells.
b. four genetically different haploid cells.
c. four genetically identical haploid cells.
d. two genetically different diploid cells.
____14. Linked genes
a. are never separated.
b. assort independently.
c. are on the same chromosome.
d. are always recessive.
____15. If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort
independently,
a. crossing-over never occurs between the genes.
b. crossing-over always occurs between the genes.
c. the genes are probably located far apart from each other.
d. the genes are probably located close to each other.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. The plants that Mendel crossed to produce the F1 generation made up the
___________________ generation.
17. A pea plant that has two different alleles for the same trait is said to be
___________________ .
18. Pea plants that are TT, ___________________ , or tt have different genotypes.
19. An organism’s gametes have ___________________ the number of chromosomes found
in the organism’s body cells.
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20. The process shown in Figure 11-2 may occur during the stage of meiosis called
___________________ .
A A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
E
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
A
B
C
D
E
A
a
b
B
C
c D
d
e E
a
b
c
d
e
A A
B
B
c
C
d
D
e
E
a
b
C
D
E
a
b
c
d
e
Figure 11-2
Chapter 11 Test A 139
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines
provided.
21. How many recessive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in
order to show that trait?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
RrYy
RY
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
RrYy
rY
RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Seed Shape
R – round
r – wrinkled
Seed Color
Y – yellow
y – green
Figure 11-3
22. What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring in the Punnett square
shown in Figure 11-3?
_________________________________________________________________________________
23. Contrast the cells produced by mitosis with those produced by
meiosis.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
24. What is a linkage group?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
25. What does a gene map show?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
140
Chapter 11 Test A
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Using Science Skills
Use the Punnett square below to answer the following questions on the lines
provided.
Heterozygous male guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr) are
crossed with heterozygous female guinea pigs with black, rough hair
(BbRr). The incomplete Punnett square in Figure 11-4 shows the
expected results from the cross.
BbRr
BR
Br
bR
br
BR BBRR
BBRr
BbRR
BbRr
Br
BBrr
BbRr
Bbrr
BBRr
BbRr
bR
BbRR
BbRr
X
bbRr
br
BbRr
Bbrr
bbRr
bbrr
Hair Color
B – black
b – white
Hair Texture
R – rough
r – smooth
Figure 11-4
26. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the genotype of the offspring
that would be represented in the square labeled X in Figure 11-4.
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_________________________________________________________________________________
27. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the phenotype of the offspring
represented in the square labeled X in Figure 11-4.
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the different phenotypes
of the offspring?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
29. Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the genotypes of the
offspring that have black, rough hair?
_________________________________________________________________________________
30. Calculating What fraction of the offspring in Figure 11-4 is
expected to have white, smooth hair?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 11 Test A 141
Name______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. Explain why short plants reappeared in Mendel’s F2 generation of
pea plants.
32. You wish to determine whether a tall pea plant is homozygous or
heterozygous for tallness. What cross should you perform to arrive
at your answer? Explain your choice of cross.
33. Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and
codominance.
35. Define linkage, and explain how linkage is used to make gene
maps.
142
Chapter 11 Test A
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34. The stages of meiosis are classified into two divisions: meiosis I
and meiosis II. Compare and contrast these two divisions.