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Name______________________________ Class __________________ Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Date ______________ Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. ____ 1. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits a. are true-breeding. b. make up the F2 generation. c. make up the parental generation. d. are called hybrids. ____ 2. Mendel concluded that traits are a. not inherited by offspring. b. inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring. c. determined by dominant factors only. d. determined by recessive factors only. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ____ 3. When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with truebreeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because a. the allele for tall plants is recessive. b. the allele for short plants is dominant. c. the allele for tall plants is dominant. d. they were true-breeding like their parents. ____ 4. In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because a. some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness. b. the allele for shortness is dominant. c. the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1 plants produced gametes. d. they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from the other parent. ____ 5. The principles of probability can be used to a. predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses. b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses. c. predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses. d. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses. ____ 6. A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT a. all possible results of a genetic cross. b. the genotypes of the offspring. c. the alleles in the gametes of each parent. d. the actual results of a genetic cross. Chapter 11 Test A 137 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ ____ 7. How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY? a. 2 c. 8 b. 4 d. 16 ____ 8. A cross of a white hen with a black rooster produces erminette-color offspring. This type of inheritance is known as a. incomplete dominance. b. polygenic inheritance. c. codominance. d. multiple alleles. ____ 9. Which of the following statements about Thomas Hunt Morgan is true? a. Morgan chose to use fruit flies in his study of genetics because fruit flies produce a large number of offspring. b. Morgan chose to use fruit flies in his study of genetics because fruit flies take a long time to produce offspring. c. Morgan continued Mendel’s genetic study of pea plants. d. Morgan discovered that Mendel’s principles of genetics do not apply to fruit flies. ____10. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is a. 12. c. 24. b. 6. d. 3. a b c d e a b c d e A B C D E A a b B C c D d e E a b c d e Figure 11-1 ____11. What is shown in Figure 11-1? a. independent assortment b. anaphase I of meiosis c. crossing-over d. incomplete dominance ____12. Chromosomes form tetrads during a. prophase of meiosis I. b. metaphase of meiosis I. c. prophase of meiosis II. d. metaphase of meiosis II. 138 Chapter 11 Test A A A B B c C d D e E a b C D E a b c d e © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. A A B B C C D D E E Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ ____13. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of a. two genetically identical diploid cells. b. four genetically different haploid cells. c. four genetically identical haploid cells. d. two genetically different diploid cells. ____14. Linked genes a. are never separated. b. assort independently. c. are on the same chromosome. d. are always recessive. ____15. If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort independently, a. crossing-over never occurs between the genes. b. crossing-over always occurs between the genes. c. the genes are probably located far apart from each other. d. the genes are probably located close to each other. Completion Complete each statement on the line provided. 16. The plants that Mendel crossed to produce the F1 generation made up the ___________________ generation. 17. A pea plant that has two different alleles for the same trait is said to be ___________________ . 18. Pea plants that are TT, ___________________ , or tt have different genotypes. 19. An organism’s gametes have ___________________ the number of chromosomes found in the organism’s body cells. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 20. The process shown in Figure 11-2 may occur during the stage of meiosis called ___________________ . A A B B C C D D E E a b c d e a b c d e A B C D E A a b B C c D d e E a b c d e A A B B c C d D e E a b C D E a b c d e Figure 11-2 Chapter 11 Test A 139 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ Short Answer In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided. 21. How many recessive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in order to show that trait? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ RrYy RY Ry rY ry RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy RrYy rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy Seed Shape R – round r – wrinkled Seed Color Y – yellow y – green Figure 11-3 22. What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring in the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-3? _________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Contrast the cells produced by mitosis with those produced by meiosis. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 24. What is a linkage group? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 25. What does a gene map show? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 140 Chapter 11 Test A © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. _________________________________________________________________________________ Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ Using Science Skills Use the Punnett square below to answer the following questions on the lines provided. Heterozygous male guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr) are crossed with heterozygous female guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr). The incomplete Punnett square in Figure 11-4 shows the expected results from the cross. BbRr BR Br bR br BR BBRR BBRr BbRR BbRr Br BBrr BbRr Bbrr BBRr BbRr bR BbRR BbRr X bbRr br BbRr Bbrr bbRr bbrr Hair Color B – black b – white Hair Texture R – rough r – smooth Figure 11-4 26. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the genotype of the offspring that would be represented in the square labeled X in Figure 11-4. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. _________________________________________________________________________________ 27. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the phenotype of the offspring represented in the square labeled X in Figure 11-4. _________________________________________________________________________________ 28. Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the different phenotypes of the offspring? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 29. Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the genotypes of the offspring that have black, rough hair? _________________________________________________________________________________ 30. Calculating What fraction of the offspring in Figure 11-4 is expected to have white, smooth hair? _________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 11 Test A 141 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________ Essay Write the answer to each question in the space provided. 31. Explain why short plants reappeared in Mendel’s F2 generation of pea plants. 32. You wish to determine whether a tall pea plant is homozygous or heterozygous for tallness. What cross should you perform to arrive at your answer? Explain your choice of cross. 33. Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance. 35. Define linkage, and explain how linkage is used to make gene maps. 142 Chapter 11 Test A © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 34. The stages of meiosis are classified into two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. Compare and contrast these two divisions.